DESIGN AND EVALUATE A DRUM SCREEN FILTER DRIVEN BY UNDERSHOT WATERWHEEL FOR AQUACULTURE RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS | ||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||
| Article 16, Volume 29, Issue 3, July 2012, Pages 1163-1180 PDF (726.44 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2012.101986 | ||
| Author | ||
| Samir Ahmad Ali | ||
| Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalubia, P.O. Box, 13736, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Micro-screen rotating drum filters are an alternative to sand filtration especially when excessive waste water is a concern. The filtering process of drum screen filters is very simple, yet very efficient and reliable due to their overall design and operation. Drum filters are designed with few moving parts to ensure a long life with low operating/ maintenance costs. Micro-screening essentially captures particles on a screen fabric while letting the water pass. This paper describes a design of an industrial-scale drum screen filter driven by undershot wheel and its performance installed in recirculating aquaculture system culturing tilapia at El-Nenaeia fish farm. The results indicate that the design parameters of the filter such as surface are and rotation speed were affected by the water flow rate, where the surface area and drum speed ranged from 1.58-27.87 m2, and 1.05-8.40, respectively. The results also indicated that the efficiency of filter decreased during the first two months compared to the last two months of fish growth period, with an average 34.22 ±8.85% during the first 60 days and an average 52.41 ±16.77 % during the last period. Using water wheels for driving the screen filter is very important in saving energy, where the filter with such dimensions needs 1.0 hp for driving it, which represents 18.0 kW daily. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Undershot - Waterwheel; Recirculating system; Design drum filter | ||
| References | ||
|
Ali SA, El-Haddad ZA, Ghareib A, (2006) Design and Management of El-Nenaeia Fish Farm: as a Recirculating Aquaculture System. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 23 (2): 396–408.
Anon, (1993) Filtration and Separation. 30: p 289.
APHA, (1998) Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation Washington, DC.
Bai C, (2007) President’s column. World Aqua. Mag., 38 (4): 3.
Bergheim A, Kristiansen R, Kelly LA, (1993a) Treatment and utilization of sludge from land based farms for salmon. In: Wang, J.-W. (Ed.), Techniques for Modern Aquaculture. Proceedings of an Aquaculture Engineering Conference, 21–23 June 1993, Spokane, WA. American Society of Agriculture Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, pp. 486–495.
Bergheim A, Cripps S, Litved H, (1998) A system for the treatment of sludge from land-based fish farms. Aquatic Living Resources, 11: 279 –287.
Bergheim A, Sanni S, Indrevik G, Hølland P, (1993b) Sludge removal from salmonid tank effluent using rotating microsieves. Aquacultural Engineering, 12, 97–109.
Bergheim A, Tyvold T, Seymour EA, (1991) Effluent loadings and sludge removal from landbased salmon farming tanks. In: Proceedings of Aquaculture Europe’91: Aquaculture and the Environment International Aquaculture Conference, Dublin, Ireland, 10–12 June, 1991. EAS Special Publ. 14. EAS, Bredene, Belgium, p. 27.
Boucher PL, (1947) A new measure of filterability of fluids with application to water engineering, ICE J. (British), 27(4): 415 – 446.
Boyd CE, (1982) Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Brinkera A, SchrÖderc HG, RÖscha R, (2005) A high-resolution technique to size suspended solids in flow-through fish farms. Aquacultural Engineering, 32 (4): 325–341.
Chapman PE, Popham J.D, Griffin J, Michaelson J, (1987) Differentiation of physical from chemical toxicity in solid waste fish bioassay. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 33: 295–309.
Chen S, Timmons MB, Aneshansley DJ, Bisogni JJ, (1993) Suspended solids characteristics from recirculating aquacultural systems and design implications. Aquaculture, 112: 143–155
Couturier M, Trofimencoff T, Buil JU, Conroy J, (2009) Solids removal at a recirculating salmon-smolt farm. Aquacultural Engineering, 41 (3): 71–77.
d’Orbcastel RE, Blancheton JP, Belaud A, (2009) Water quality and rainbow trout performance in a Danish Model Farm recirculating system: Comparison with a flow through system. Aquacultural Engineering, 40 (2): 135–143.
Davidson J, Summerfelt ST, (2005) Solids removal from a coldwater recirculating system—comparison of a swirl separator and a radial-flow settler. Aquacultural Engineering, 33(1): 47– 61.
Douglas JF, Matthews RD, (1996) Fluid Mechanics(Harlow, UK: Longman)
Jauncey K, Ross B, (1982) A Guide to Tilapia Feeds and Feeding. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Sterling, Scotland, 111 pp.
Liltved H, Hansen BR, (1990) Screening as a method for removal of parasites from inlet water to fish farms. Aquacultural Engineering, 9: 209–215.
Lawson TB, (1995) Fundamental of Aquacultural Engineering. Elsiver Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam.
Merino GE, Piedrahita RH, Conklin DE, (2007) Settling characteristics of solids settled in a recirculating system for California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) culture. Aquacultural Engineering, 37(2): 79 – 88.
Patterson RN, (2001) Micro-particles in reciculating aquaculture systems. Ph.D, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Patterson RN, Watts K, (2003) Micro-particles in recirculating aquaculture systems: microscopic examination of particles. Aquacultural Engineering, 28 (2): 115–130.
Pfeiffer JT, Osborn A, Davis M, (2008) Particle sieve analysis for determining solids removal efficiency of water treatment components in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquacultural Engineering, 39 (1): 24 – 29.
Piedrahita RH, Giovannini P, (1989) Diel aquaculture models: listings, descriptions and operating instructions. Technical Committee Meeting 1989, PD/A CRSP, Davis, CA, 50 pp.
Rakocy JE, (1989) Tank culture of tilapia. In the biology and culture of tilapia, ed. R. S. V. Pullin & R. H. Lowe-McConell-ICLARM conference proceedings 7. International center for living aquatic resources management, manila, the Philippines.
Rushton A, Ward AS, Holdich RD, (2000) Solid-Liquid Filtration and Separation Technology, Second, completely revised edition. P: 249.
Sandu S, Brazil B, Hallerman E, (2008) Efficacy of a pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant upon a commercial aquaculture effluent I. Solids and carbonaceous compounds. Aquacultural Engineering, 39 (2): 78–90.
Soderberg RW, (1995) Flowing Water in Fish Culture. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.
Steicke C, Jegatheesan V, Zeng C, (2007) Mechanical mode floating medium filters for recirculating system in aquaculture for higher solids retention and lower freshwater usage. Bioresource Technology, 98 (17): 3375 – 3383.
Summerfelt RC, Penne CR, (2005) Solids removal in a recirculating aquaculture system where the majority of flow bypasses the microscreen filter. Aquacultural Engineering, 33 (2): 214 – 224.
Summerfelt ST, (1996) Engineering design of modular and scaleable recirculating systems containing circular tank, microscreen filters, fluidized-sand biofilters, cascade aerators, and low head or u-tube oxygenators. In Successes and Failures in Commercial Recirculating Aquaculture, editors Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service (NRAES). NRAES-98, 1: 217 – 244.
Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, (1991) Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 1334.
Timmons MB, Ebeling JM, (2007) Recirculating aquaculture. Cayuga Aqua Ventures, Ithaca, NY.
Ulgenes Y, (1992a) Undersøkelse av utslippsmengder, renseutstyr og slambehandlings-metoderved settefiskanlegg. Delrapport I: Renseeffekt og driftserfaring med HYDROTECH trommelfilter. SINTEF NHL Report No. STF60 A92071. SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, 25 pp. [in Norwegian].
Ulgenes Y, (1992b) Undersøkelse av utslippsmengder, renseutstyr og slambehandlingsmetoder ved settefiskanlegg. Delrapport III: Renseeffekt og driftserfaring med UNIK hjulfilter type 1200. SINTEF NHL Report No. STF60 A92100. SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, 25 pp. [in orwegian].
US Army, (1978) Engineering and Design––Design of Wastewater Treatment Facilities Major Systems, Engineering Manual No. 1110-2-501, U.S. Army, Washington, DC.
Wheaton FW, (1977) Aquacultural Engineering. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
Wong K, (2001) Enhanced solids removal for aquaculture raceways. Doctoral Dissertation. Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA.
Zhu S, Chen C, (2001) Effects of organic carbon on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters. Aquacultural Engineering, 25 (1): 1–13. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 461 PDF Download: 2,080 |
||
