Alghazal, Z., Susi, A., Alshaikhnasser, R., Alsaadi, W., Almahdi, F., Alotaibi, A., Aldubaisi, M., Sharif, Y. (2018). Emergency Management of Upper GI Variceal Bleeding. test, 70(10), 1873-1876.
Zohair Radi Alghazal; Abdulqader Ibrahim Susi; Ruqeeya Ali Alshaikhnasser; Waad Suliman Alsaadi; Feda Hassan Almahdi; Atheer Eed Alotaibi; Maryam Baqer Aldubaisi; Yaser Saeed Mohammad Sharif. "Emergency Management of Upper GI Variceal Bleeding". test, 70, 10, 2018, 1873-1876.
Alghazal, Z., Susi, A., Alshaikhnasser, R., Alsaadi, W., Almahdi, F., Alotaibi, A., Aldubaisi, M., Sharif, Y. (2018). 'Emergency Management of Upper GI Variceal Bleeding', test, 70(10), pp. 1873-1876.
Alghazal, Z., Susi, A., Alshaikhnasser, R., Alsaadi, W., Almahdi, F., Alotaibi, A., Aldubaisi, M., Sharif, Y. Emergency Management of Upper GI Variceal Bleeding. test, 2018; 70(10): 1873-1876.

Emergency Management of Upper GI Variceal Bleeding

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
Article 29, Volume 70, Issue 10, January 2018, Pages 1873-1876    PDF (181.89 K)
Document Type: Original Article
Authors
Zohair Radi Alghazal* 1; Abdulqader Ibrahim Susi2; Ruqeeya Ali Alshaikhnasser3; Waad Suliman Alsaadi4; Feda Hassan Almahdi5; Atheer Eed Alotaibi6; Maryam Baqer Aldubaisi7; Yaser Saeed Mohammad Sharif8
1Dammam University
2Taibah University
3Dammam Medical Center
4Umm Alqura University
5Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
6King Khalid University
7Dammam Medical Complex
8Batterjee Medical College
Abstract
Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common gastrointestinal cause of admission in emergency departments worldwide with about 10% inpatient mortality rate that has not decreased during the last three decades.
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the pathophysiology behind the development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and explore the approach to its management in emergency situation.
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: upper gastro intestinal bleeding, variceal bleeding, emergency management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, varices, esophageal bleeding.
Results: Managing patients with bleeding varices must have two goals that should be considered: to stop the bleeding, and to prevent rebleeding since 60% of patients will rebleed after the acute bleeding was stopped leading to a mortality rate of 33%, unless adequately treated.
Conclusion: Bleeding varices are always considered urgent emergencies due to associated morbidity and mortality. Moreover, bleeding varices can cause hemodynamic instability and end-organ failure. The most important intervention is therapeutic endoscopy. Other approaches include vasoactive drugs, and prophylactic antibiotics. After acute management of the bleeding, patients should undergo further evaluation and treatment to prevent the recurrence of another bleeding.
Keywords
emergency management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage; varices; esophageal bleeding; upper gastro intestinal bleeding; variceal bleeding
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