MAXIMIZING WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM | ||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||
| Article 8, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 132-148 PDF (618.69 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2009.109867 | ||
| Author | ||
| Hosam A. M. Hiekal | ||
| Soil Cons. Dept., DesertRes.Center, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Accuracy of water application allows reducing average irrigation rate to a level that coincides with soil’s hydraulic conductivity and minimizes percolation below the main root zone. Field experiment was conducted to confirm the efficiency of this approach, in a calcareous sandy clay loam soil. The source of irrigation water was ground shallow well. The treatments consisted of three irrigation systems (surface drip (T0) and subsurface drip (T15 and T30), and three levels of irrigation water application at 100, 80 and 60% of crop water requirements (T, 0.8T and 0.6T, respectively). 16 mm drip lines with 0.33-m GR emitter spacing were placed on the furrow ridge surface in the middle of alternative plant rows. Laterals with the same characteristics were buried at two depths (15 and 30 cm) in the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). The obtained results indicated that the performance of the irrigation system was good throughout the cropping season. Values of statistical uniformity (SU) and distribution uniformity (DU) were 94.8% and 0.93, respectively. The moisture distribution in the soil monitored along plant growthstages indicated that SDI plots produced wider wetted patterns. Under scarce water, (0.8 T and 0.6T) the results demonstrated that SDI exceeded the surface drip irrigation in terms of potato yield and (IWUE). Maximum average yield (12.63 Mg/fed.) was recorded with subsurface drip line buried at 15 cm depth (T15). The overall average yield of potato in the surface drip laterals (T0) declined by 26.9 and 25.1 % compared with SDI (T15) and (T30), respectively. As the applied water decreased from 2209 to 1496.5 m3/fed. by using SDI, the average values of IWUE under SDI were higher than those obtained by surface drip irrigation at any level of applied irrigation water treatments. Thus, in the case of saving 20% of irrigation water, (0.8T15), the highest IWUE value (8.913 kg/m3) was obtained. Meanwhile, the lowest value of IWUE (4.178 kg/m3) was obtained by surface drip irrigation with 100% water application amount level, (T0). This lowest value of IWUE may be reached to 50.5 and 51.7% compared with (T15) and (T30), respectively. In the same time, there was no significant effect for the level of water application on IWUE at (T), (0.8T) or (0.6T) treatments. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Subsurface drip; deficient irrigation; soil moisture distribution; potato yield; irrigation water use efficiency | ||
| References | ||
|
Abdel-Ati, Y. Y. (1998), Yield and quality of potato as affected by phosphorus, chicken manure and seed tuber size. Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 29 (5): 129-147.
Allen, R. G.; L. S. Pereira; D. Raes; and M. Smith (1998). Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage. Paper No. 56, FAO, Rome, Italy
ASAE, (1999). Soil and Water Terminology. S 526.1. ASAE Standards. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, USA
Attaher, S. M.; M. A. Medany; A. A. A. Aziz; M. M. Mostafa; and A. F. Abou-Hadid (2003). Energy requirements and yield of drip-irrigated potato. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Horizons of Using Organic Matter and Substrates in Horticulture, Cairo, Egypt, 6-9 April, 2002. Acta-Hort., No.608: 191-198.
Ayars, J. E.; C. J. Phene; R. B. Hutmacher; K. R. Davis; R. A. Shoneman; S. S. Vail; and R. M. Mead (1999). Subsurface drip irrigation of row crops: a review of 15 years of research at the Water Manag. Lab. Agric. Water Manag., 42 (1): 1–27.
Bralts, V. F.; I. P. Wu; and H. M. Gitlin (1981). Manufacturing variation and drip irrigation uniformity. Trans. ASAE, 24: 113–119.
Camp, C. R. (1998). Subsurface drip irrigation: a review. Trans. ASAE, 41 (5): 1353–1367.
Cote, C. M.; K. L. Bristow; P. B. Charlesworth; F. J. Cook; and P. J. Thorburn (2003). Analysis of soil wetting and solute transport in subsurface trickle irrigation. Irrig. Sci., 22: 143–156.
Decroix, M.; and A. Malaval (1985). Laboratory evaluation of trickle irrigation equipment for field system design. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Drip/trickle Irrig. Cong., vol. I, Fresno, Cal., ASAE, 1: 325–338.
Dorrenbos, J.; and W. O. Pruitt (1977). Crop water requirements. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper 24:156p. Rome.
Enciso, J.; J. Jifon; and B. Wiedenfeld (2005). Subsurface drip irrigation of onions: Effects of emitter spacing and drip depth on yield. ASAE Annual Int. Meeting, Paper: 052242, Tampa, Florida, 17 – 20 July. USA.
Garcia, I. (1978). Soil water laboratory manual, Dept. Agric. and Chem. Eng., Colorado State U., Fort Collins, Colo., USA.
Golden Software Inc. (2002). A powerful contouring, gridding, and surface-mapping package for scientists and engineers Ver. 8. Golden Software Inc., Golden, Colo.80401-1866, USA.
Hegney, M. A., and H. P. Hoffman (1997). Potato irrigation–development of irrigation scheduling guidelines. Horticulture Res. and Develop. Corp. Proj. NP. 6, Western Australia, Dept. of Agric.W. Australia, Australia. 114p.
Islam, T.; H. Sarker; J. Alam; and H. U. Rashid (1990). Water use and yield relationships of irrigated potato. Agric. Water Manag., 18: 173-179.
Israelsen, O. W.; and V. E. Hansen (1962). Irrigation principles and practices. 3rd Ed., Willey and Sons., NY., USA.
James, L. G. (1988). Principles of farm irrigation system design. Jone Willey & Sons (Ed.), N Y, pp. 543.
Kang, Y.; F. X. Wang; S. P. Liu; and J. Lou (2002) Effects of drip irrigation frequency on soil wetting pattern and root distribution of potato in North China Plain. In Proc. ASAE, Annual Int. Meeting/VX CIGR World Congr. ASAE Paper: 022282, St. Joseph, Mich, USA.
Kashyap, P. S.; and R. K. Panda (2003). Effect of irrigation scheduling on potato crop parameters under water stressed conditions. Agric. Water Manag., 59 (1): 49–66.
Kruse, E. G. (1978). Describing irrigation efficiency and uniformity. J. Irrig. Drain., 104 (IR 1): 34–41.
Lubana, P. P. S.; and N. K. Narda (2001). Modeling soil water dynamics under trickle emitters – a review. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 78: 217– 232.
Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt (1999). Central Admin. of Agric. Economics: 213-215. Egypt.
Onder, S.; M. E. Caliskan; D. Onder; and S. Caliskan (2005). Different irrigation methods and water stress effects on potato yield and yield components. Agric. Water Manag., 73 (1): 73–86.
Pitts, D. J. (1997). Evaluation of micro irrigation systems. South West Florida Research and Education Center, Florida U., USA.
Sabra, F. S. (2000). Population dynamics of potato weeds under three types of irrigation in newly reclaimed desert land in Egypt. Alex. J. Agric. Res., 45 (1): 193-205.
Shock, C. C.; and E. B. G. Feibert (2000). Deficit irrigation of potato. Deficit Irrigation Pract., Water Reports 22, ISBN 92-5- 104768-5, 109 pp.
Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran (1982). In "Statistical Methods". 7th Ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, USA. Pp 593.
Thorburn, P. J.; F. J. Cook; and K. L. Bristow (2003). Soil-dependent wetting from trickle emitters: implications for system design and management. In Micro-irrigation: Advances in system design and manag., Irrig. Science J., 22 (3-4): 121 – 127.
Wu, I. P. (1997). An assessment of hydraulic design of micro-irrigation systems. Agric. Water Manag., 32 (3): 275–284.
Yuan, B. Z.; S. Nishiyama; and Y. Kang (2003). Effects of different irrigation regimes on growth and yield of drip-irrigated potato. Agric. Water Manag., 63 (3): 153–167. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 203 PDF Download: 281 |
||
