Study of some Alluvial soil's sediments characteristics in Toshka Depression, Egypt. | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries | ||
| Article 10, Volume 20, Issue 4, October 2016, Pages 89-101 PDF (717.67 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2016.11181 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohammed M. Sherif | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. Toshka Depression (TD), are located to the west of Lake Nasser, in the western desert of Egypt they consist of four deep-cut basins connected by naturally and far away about 250 km south of Aswan. Alluvium Operation is estimated that on the average of 133.54 million tons enter the high dam reservoir each year. About 97 % of this amount precipitates in the reservoir and 3% is carried through Aswan High dam. The main target of this work is to study some Alluvial soil's sediments characteristics for expansion in agricultural area by optimum exploitation for investment some of shoreline of soils in Toshka Depression, or for possible use in land reclamation in Toshka area. The results of physical and chemical soil properties varied from layer to layer and were recorded as silt clay loam, clay loam, clay and silt loam. Soil reaction “soil pH” values were moderate and increased with depth. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the alluvial soils in Toshka Depression are classified under soil salinity class "slightly saline soils”. Gypsum distribution followed a regular pattern from the surface layer to subsurface ones. However, gypsum accumulates at the end of soil profile at depth of 120-125cm. The highest value of Calcium carbonate (CaCO3%) content was observed in the surface layer and sharply decreased in the subsurface layer with irregular distribution with soil depth. Organic matter (OM) content at surface layer of alluvial sediment soils was very reach. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) increased with higher clay content in subsurface layer. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values of the studied soils are less than the critical value and consider moderately suitable (S2). Alluvial subsurface soil sediment suffers from a sever lack of available macronutrients NPK. Data revealed that the most concentration of total and available heavy metals were observed in surface layer of alluvial soil sediment profile at Toshka Depression. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained for the bulk alluvial soil sediments indicated the presence of Illite, Vermiculite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite-1A, Magnetite, Hematite, Berlinite, Cronstedtite-1T, Cuprite, Fraipontite-1O, Calcite, Gypsum, Bustamite, Wollastonite-1A, and Brushite are much more abundant. All these minerals are very important for land reclamation in Toshka area. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Alluvial soils; sediments; X-Ray Diffraction; Toshka Depression; Lake Nasser; chemical properties | ||
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