EFFECT OF THE INSECTICIDE ABAMECTIN ON THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS BEYERINCK

Anand, N. and Subramanian, D. (1997). Effect of certain pesticides on the physiology of Nostoc calcicola. Phykos, 36:15–20.

Berard, A. (1996). Effect of organic four solvents on natural phytoplankton assemblages: consequences for ecotoxicological experiments on pesticides. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57: 183-190.

Bergmeyer, H.U. (1974). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Vol.2. Academic Press.

Bueno, M.; Fillat, M. F.; Strasser, R. J.; Maldonado-Rodriguez, R.; Marina, N.; Sminek, H.; Gomez-Moreno, C. and Barja, F. (2004): Effects of lindane on the photosynthetic apparatus of the cyanobacterium Anabaena: Xuorescence induction studies and immunolocalization of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 11: 98-106.

Burton, J.O. and Riley, J. P. (1954). In " Modern Methods of plant Analysis" by Paech, K. and Tracey. M.V., 2, 370- Springer Verlag. Berlin.

Cain, J. R. and Cain, R. K. (1984). Effects of five insecticides on the zygospores germination and growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas moewusii. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 33:571-574.

Deneer, J. W. (2000). Toxicity of mixtures of pesticides in aquatic systems. Pestic. Manag. Sci., 56: 516-520.

Eladel, H. H.; William, J. H. and Kobbia, I. A. (1999). Effect of thiobencarb on growth and photosynthesis of the soil alga Protosiphon botryoides (Chlorophyta). J. Appl. Phycol., 10:547-554.

El-Ayouty, Y. M. and Ezzat, S. M. (1991). Effect of the herbicide prometryn on the metabolic activity of the Cyanobacterium Nostoc musocorum. Egypt. J. Microbiol., 26(2): 195-208.

Fathi,  A. A. (2003). Some metabolic activities in the green alga Scenedesmus bijuga as affected by the insecticide Trichlorfon. Protistology, 3(2):80-86.

Friesen Pankratz, B.; Doebel, C.; Farenhorst, A. and Goldsborough, L. G. (2003). Interactions between algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) and pesticides: implications for managing constructed wetlands for pesticides removal. J. Environ. Sci. Health B., 38:147-155.

Hammouda, H. E. (1994). Inhibition of ammonium and nitrate uptake by Trichlorfon in Gloeocapsa sp. Mans. Sci. Bull. (B. Biology), 21(1):87-80.

Jianyi, M.; Rongquan,  Z.; Xu, L. and Shufeng, W. (2002).  Differential Sensitivity of Two Green Algae, Scenedesmus obliqnus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa, to12 Pesticides. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 52: 57-61.

Kamel, A. A.; Al-Dosary, S.; Ibrahim,  S. and Asif A. M. A. (2007). Degradation of the acaricides abamectin, flufenoxuron and amitraz on Saudi Arabian dates. Food Chemistry, 10:1590-1593.

Kuhl, A. (1962). Zur physiologie der Speicherung Kondensierter anorganischer Phosphate in Chlorella. Vorlrag Bot. Hrsg. Deut. Botan. Ges. (N.C.), 1:157-166.

Lasota, J. A.  and Dybas, R. A. (1990). Abamectin as a pesticide for agricultural use. Acta Leiden., 59(1-2):217-225.

Lowry, O. H.; Rosenbroug, N. J.; Farr, A. F. and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193:265-275.

Ma, J. and Chen, J. (2005). How to accurately assay the algal toxicity of pesticides with low water solubility. Environmental Pollution, 136:267-273.

Ma, J. and Liang, W. (2001). Acute toxicity of 12 herbicides to the  green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliqnus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 67(3): 347-351.

Ma, J.; Zheng,  R.; Xu, L. and Wang, S. (2002).  Differential sensitivity of two green algae, Scenedesmus obliqnus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa, to 12 pesticides.  Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 52:57-61.

Mansour, F.A.; Soliman, A. I.; Shaaban-Dessouki, S. A. and Hussein, M. H. (1993). Physiological effects of rice filed pesticides: Butachlor, Oxadiazon and Thiobencarb, on Nostoc kihlmani and Anabaena oscillarioides. I- Changes in carbohydrates content, PMASE and GOT activities. Mans. Sci. Bull. (B. Biology), 20(2): 35-50.

Marco, E.; Martinez, F. and Orus, M. I. (1990). Physiological alterations induced by the organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon in Anabaena PCC 7119 grown with nitrates. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 30:117-126.

Marco, E.; Orus, M. I. (1993). Trichlorfon-induced inhibition of nitrate and ammonium uptake in cyanobacteria. J. Exp. Bot., 44:501–508.

Metzner, H.; Rau, H.and Senger, H. (1965). Untersuchungen zur synchronisierbar karkeit einzellner- Pigment. Mangel Mutanten von Chlorella. Plant, 65:186-194.

Moore, S. and Stein, W. (1948). Photometric ninhydrine method for use in the chromatography of amino acids. J. Biol. Chem., 17: 367-388. 

 

 

Mostafa, F. I.  and  Helling, C. S. (2002). Impact of four pesticides on the growth and metabolic activities of two photosynthetic algae. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 37: 417-444.

Nichol's,  H. W. (1973). Growth media fresh water. In stein, J.R. (Ed) handbook of physiological methods culture method, and growth measurements. Cambridge University press, Cambridge, UK.7-24.

Prasad, S. M.; Kumar, D. and Zeeshan, M. (2005). Growth, photosynthesis, active oxygen species and antioxidants responses of paddy Weld cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum to endosulfan stress. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 51:115-124.

Rajendran, U. M.; Elango, K. and Anand, N. (2007). Effects of a fungicide, an insecticide, and a biopesticide on Tolypothrix scytonemoides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 87:164–171.

Roe, J. H. (1955). The determination of sugar in blood and spinal fluid with anthrone reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 212: 335-343.

Seguin, F.; Leboulanger, C.; Druart, J. C. and Berard, A. (2001). Effects of Atrazine and Nicosulfuron on Phytoplankton in systems of increasing complexity. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 40:198-208.

Singh, L. J. and Tiwari, D. N. (1988). Effect of selected rice Weld herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilating enzyme systems of paddy soil diazotrophic cyanobacteria. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 31:120-128.

Soliman, A. I.; Shaaban-Dessouki, S. A.; Mansour, F. A. and Hussein, M. H.(1994). Physiological effects of rice filed herbicides: Butachlor, Oxadiazon and Thiobencarb, on Nostoc kihlmani and Anabaena oscillarioides. III- Comparative Effect on photosynthesis, respiration and net production rates. Mans. Sci. Bull. (B. Biology), 21(1): 55-71.

Tatjana, T. and Nevenka, K. (2006). Abamectin in the aquatic environment. Ecotoxicology, 15:495–502.

Tomlin, C. (1994). The Pesticide Manual, Incorporating the Agrochemical Handbook. (tenth Ed) The British Crop Protection Council and The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Turner, M. J. and Shaeffer, J. M. (1989): Biochemistry. In W. C. Campbell (Ed.), Ivermectin and abamectin (pp. 73–88). New York, NY: Springer.