The degree of parent councils contribution in school performance from point of view government secondary schools principals in Jeddah

          کلیة التربیة

 کلیة معتمدة من الهیئة القومیة لضمان جودة التعلیم

المجلة التربویة لتعلیم الکبار – کلیة التربیة – جامعة أسیوط

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The degree of parent councils contribution in school performance from point of view government secondary schools principals in Jeddah

By

Prepared by the researcher /

Aisha Alaifi

}     المجلد الأول– العدد الثالث –  یولیو 2019م {

http://www.aun.edu.eg/faculty_education/arabic

المستخلص

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على درجة مساهمة مجالس أولیاء الأمور فی الأداء المدرسی (البعد الاجتماعی والبعد التعلیمی) من وجهة نظر مدیرات المدارس الثانویة الحکومیة بجدة. تکون مجتمع البحث من جمیع مدیرات المدارس الثانویة الحکومیة بجدة والبالغ عددهن (119) مدیرة . قامت الباحثة باختیار عینة البحث بأسلوب الحصر الشامل للمجتمع وبالتالی سیکون عدد أفراد العینة (119) مدیرة مدرسة ثانویة حکومیة بجدة. فی الفصل الدراسی الثانی للعام الدراسی 1435-1436هـ. استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفی المسحی،  واستخدمت الباحثة استبانة تحتوی على بعدین تبین درجة مساهمة مجالس أولیاء الأمور فی الأداء المدرسی             (البعد الاجتماعی والبعد التعلیمی). وأظهرت نتائج البحث: أن درجة مساهمة مجالس أولیاء الأمور فی الأداء المدرسی جاءت منخفضة من وجهة نظر مدیرات المدارس الثانویة            الحکومیة بجدة..      

أهم التوصیات:

تعزیز قوة العلاقة بین إدارة المدرسة وأولیاء الأمور، ودور هذه العلاقة فی معالجة مشکلات الطالبات السلوکیة، ودورها أیضاً فی رفع المستوى التحصیلی عند الطالبات.

Abstract

The Study aims  to identify degree of parent councils contribution in school performance (the social and educational dimension), from point of view government secondary schools principals in Jeddah.. The research populationis formed of all principals of government secondary schools in Jeddah and their number (119) principals. The researcher used Complete Census of community thus the number of sample would be (119) principals in the second semester of 1434/1435 AH. The researcher used the descriptive survey approach. The researcher used questionnaire containing two fields show the degree of parent councils contribution in school performance (the social and educational dimension), Outcomes showed: that the Degree of parent councils contribution in school performance from point of view government secondary schools principals in Jeddah came (Low). The most important recommendations:. Enhance the relationship between school administrators and parents, and this relationship role in behavioral problems treatment of students, and also its role in raising the achievement level of the students.

Introduction:

      The family is the most influential and influential influence in directing individual personalities on the one hand, and its growth on the other. It is the cradle of personality, the primary group that provides children with life experiences without belonging to them, and represents the first context of social progress towards school (Ausubel, 2003). The role of the family in the educational process has been linked to the fact that the family is the most relevant and influential source to the student. The success of any institution depends on the role of the family and hence the importance of giving the parents enough opportunity to achieve a good level of cooperation between the school and the home to come from the perspective of the need to inform the student of his duties Society. Therefore, the participation of the family in the school in the responsibility of raising the students leads to improving the outputs of the educational process, because it allows the family and the school to contribute to improving the performance of the school as well as allowing them to express their views on the decision-making process The idea of ​​Parental Councils is an important and supportive tool for students 'academic excellence and support for educational science (Raymond & Elbaum, 2014) Parents' councils are practical applications for collaboration between the school and the community because of the advantages it achieves for the educational process. To work to connect the school to the local environment, to provide material support to the school, to deepen the concept of loyalty and belonging and the concept of citizenship between students and their community, and improve the academic performance of students, and contribute seriously and actively in the advancement of the school and work to develop, Integration is achieved in the educational process between the school and the various socialization institutions (Volker, 2014).

Problem of the study:

 Through the work of the researcher as a school agent, she touched the reality of secondary schools to double the contribution of parents in school performance. The researcher also conducted a survey of 10 secondary school principals in relation to the contribution of parents' councils in the social dimension and the educational dimension. The social dimension was very weak in terms of participation in social activities in which it was possible to benefit from their various experiences and functions, such as various religious, national and social events. The educational aspect was limited to participation in the case of behavioral problems or observations at the academic level In light of the above, the problem of research is determined by the following main question: What is the extent to which parents' councils contribute to school performance in government high schools in Jeddah?

This key question requires answering the following sub-questions:

Questions of the Study:

• What is the role of parents' councils in school performance (social dimension) from the point of view of the directors of government high schools in Jeddah?

Research hypotheses:

 - There were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α 0.05 0.05) among the average responses of school principals to the extent of the participation of parents councils in school performance in the secondary schools in Jeddah due to variable years of experience.

Significance of the Study:

It is hoped that the current research will benefit from:

  Officials and interested in the Ministry of Education in the development of plans programmed to involve parents in solving many of the problems facing the school environment.

Secondary school administration: It is expected to be an incentive for schools to promote and pay attention to these councils and how to deal with them.

Parameters: will help them understand the difficult experiences experienced by students and help them understand the needs of parents for their daughters.

Parents: By shedding light on the contribution of parents' councils to school performance and helping them to play their roles in order to advance the educational process.

 This research, with its results, will reveal the contributions of parents' councils and their role in supporting and enhancing school performance from the point of view of the heads of state high schools in Jeddah.

Limitations of the Study:

The research limits are limited to the following:

         Time Limits: The research was applied during the second semester of the academic year ) 1435 – 1436 ) .

Search terms:

Parents' Councils: The researcher defines it as an organization that combines teachers and school administration in secondary schools on the one hand and parents on the other, in order to activate the mutual role of the school and the family to create a good generation in the near future.

School performance: It is defined as a procedural: all activities, work, procedures and school activities carried out by teachers and principals of secondary schools in order to achieve educational and social goals and to achieve satisfactory results.

Theoretical framework and previous relevant studies

First: the theoretical framework

The first topic: Parents councils

Weltman and Whiteside, (2010, p 1.2) points to the agreement and consensus of researchers and specialists in care and care of children to the effectiveness and positive participation of parents in the various programs and educational sessions necessary for their children. The school administration has worked to strengthen the links between members of the educational process and faculty members In the educational system to the formation of meetings and activities involving parents and faculty members in the school through the formation of so-called "Parents Councils" through which the formation of interactive and educational sessions between administrators, teachers and parents to search various The school is part of the society and not isolated from it affected and affected by it. Many of the problems that face the educational process within the school may require external solutions, so the school administration has applied some of the regulations In order to provide a permanent link between the school and the local community that works on the service of the community and the raising of children. Effective education (Al-Halwani, 2007, p. 27) The researcher believes that parents' councils contribute to the needs of students and a To examine the problems facing students in cooperation with the concerned persons, as well as to check the level of achievement of students and to observe their affairs and general conditions through continuous observation on their school cards and their cumulative records and daily reports prepared by the chapter educators.

Al Qurshi (2011, p. 46) defined the Parents 'Council as "a council prepared by the school administration that aims to provide and provide an opportunity for the school administration to get a close knowledge of the human and material potentials of the school community that contribute to the enrichment of students' Raise the outcome of their results. "

Siam (2011, p. 175) defined the concept of parents' councils as "a council that includes representatives of teachers, parents, a president, a vice president, and some public figures from university members and professors."

Second: Relevant previous studies

- Tavas and Bilac, 2011, "School Web Sites: The Potential of Parent-School Collaboration". The study aims at determining the effectiveness of school websites in promoting cooperation between parents and school administration in Croatian schools. The researcher followed the descriptive approach by designing a questionnaire distributed to the sample of the study, which included a group of parents from a group of primary schools. That the Internet sites is not a solution or model of communication and cooperation between parents and school administration, and the results of the study to the effectiveness of direct meetings and meetings in the level of performance of students.

- Zamil (2013): "The Effectiveness of Parents 'Councils in Supporting School Performance in Public Schools in Tulkarm Governorate in Palestine from the Point of View of Board Members and Principals". The study aims at determining the effectiveness of parents' councils in supporting school performance In the public schools in Tulkarem governorate, in addition to knowing the role of some variables related to the sample members: variable respondent status, variables related to school principals: gender, scientific qualification, years of experience, and variables related to members of parents' councils: The effectiveness of councils in school performance support, researcher followed the descriptive approach through the design of a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 76 principals and 274 members of the boards of parents. The results showed that the overall score of the sample of the study sample for the effectiveness of parents' councils in supporting the school performance was moderate and with an average mean of 3.28. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the managers and members The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in managers' responses due to gender variables, number of years of experience, and existence of statistical significance differences in the scientific qualification variable. The results of the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the members of the Parents Council, due to the variables of gender, occupation, qualification, and age.

- Hussain and Naz, 2013 Study: "Teachers and Parents Councils in Elementary School in Mardan Region, Pakistan" This study aimed at evaluating the teachers 'and parents' councils in primary school in Mardan district of Pakistan. The researchers studied organizational structure, tasks and achievements Schools in Mardan in the primary stage, and the study population from the government primary schools in the Mardan region. Samples were taken from ten primary schools as a sample for study. The researcher used the descriptive method and the self-questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data collected were analyzed by percentages Celsius, the study results showed that the lack of interest of assistant director of education, and lack of training Chairman of the Board of Directors, and teachers work on the loss of communication between parents and members of the teacher with the educational authorities which are responsible for the poor performance of the main board.

  - The study of Radwan and Marzoua (2014) entitled "Parents' reluctance to participate in the Parents' and Teachers' Councils and its impact on school violence." The study aimed at detecting the effect of parents' reluctance to participate in parents' and teachers councils in school violence. The results of the study showed that the effect of parents' reluctance to participate in parent-teacher councils in school violence (as a whole) was moderate and that there were statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) between the two averages of the effect Parents' reluctance to participate in Parents and teachers in school violence (as a whole) were attributed to the variable (sex, educational stage); for managers versus principals, for secondary school principals compared to primary school principals, and no statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 = The issues               of participation in parent-teacher councils in school violence             (as a whole) are attributable to the variables of the study (school location, size).

The importance of parents' councils:

The existing parents' councils cooperate with the school administration through continuous communication between them and enhance the relationship between them to work on inviting parents to participate in various supportive and effective activities by honoring the outstanding students and honoring the cooperating parents to help guide the late students in order to keep pace with them. The relationship between the school and parents is characterized by the continuous effectiveness of the different aspects that support the objectives of the educational process, as well as the students' relationship and response to the environment variables and the acceptance of future events with a positive spirit and confidence. tzen, 2013, p 2). The results of the study of Al-Halawani (2007) and Al-Qurashi (2011) indicate the effectiveness of parents 'cooperation with the school administration, which works to develop and correct the misconduct of their children, which reflects the role and importance of preparing parents' councils. Parents are less convinced of the irregularities and contradictions committed by students during work And parents' lack of interest in inquiring about the level of their children and the weakness of the conviction of many shows the importance of the role of parents and the importance of parents councils and the effectiveness of their participation, in addition to the effectiveness of the response of many parents to attend activities and school parties.

The second topic: the contribution of parents councils in school performance

  Muller (2009, p 9.10) adds that there is a great role for parents 'councils in improving students' scholastic performance and classifying them within two dimensions: the social dimension and the educational dimension. The following is explained below:

First, the social dimension: Parents' councils work to develop the feeling that all parents have a desire for school partnership by emphasizing their desire to create something different from others. It also sponsors the process of learning, adopting life skills and helping to protect oneself. Social situations, without encouraging them to express their opinions and give them the opportunity can not enhance their self-esteem and self-esteem and from what previously known researcher social dimension procedure to influence the student's social behaviors and patterns that appear through the positive intervention of parents The form of councils associated with the school administration.

Second, the educational dimension: that the parent councils contribute to the development of educational performance, and work to alleviate the pressures of double value and knowledge that may face the student through the multiplicity of sources of reception and guidance, and may create cooperation between the school and home to extend the scope for the workers in the field of education from In order to benefit from family experiences and skills and methods of parenting in receiving the educational process and its outputs, in addition to improving the level of educational achievement of students, and this is that most parents do not pay attention to the dates of study with their children to accompany them to visit relatives or for hiking, Studies have confirmed that the existence of a kind of cooperation between the school and the house leads to a reduction in the size of the educational losses significantly marked, which helps to integrate them as an urgent educational need (Pushor, 2007, p 2). Through the above, the educational dimension is defined as an external dimension through the interaction and interaction of parents' councils in the educational behaviors and interactions in the school environment, which appear through the student's cognitive level and relationship with the school administration.

  - The study of Radwan and Marzoua (2014) entitled "Parents' reluctance to participate in the Parents' and Teachers' Councils and its impact on school violence." The study aimed at detecting the effect of parents' reluctance to participate in parents' and teachers councils in school violence. The results of the study showed that the effect of parents' reluctance to participate in parent-teacher councils in school violence (as a whole) was moderate and that there were statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) between the two averages of the effect Parents' reluctance to participate in Parents and teachers in school violence (as a whole) were attributed to the variable (sex, educational stage); for managers versus principals, for secondary school principals compared to primary school principals, and no statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 = The issues of participation in parent-teacher councils in school violence (as a whole) are attributable to the variables of the study (school location, size).

Methodology of the study:

     The researcher used the descriptive descriptive approach which is appropriate to the research objectives. Therefore, this method was used in this research to collect data from the research community, describe it accurately and interpret it and present the results in light of it to identify the degree of contribution of parents councils in school performance from the point of view of secondary school principals. The descriptive descriptive approach was used. The researcher used this approach to study the difference in the views of the research sample relative to the variable years of experience in education.

Research community: The research community is composed           of all directors of Jeddah government high schools (119) director (Ministry of Education, 1436).

Sample of the research: The sample of the research was selected in a comprehensive inventory method for the community. Thus, the sample number (119) will be the director of the government high school                    in Jeddah.

Data collection tool: After examining the theoretical framework and the previous studies related to the subject of research, and according to the research objectives and the definition of procedural research, the questionnaire was constructed as a tool in this research. The questionnaire consisted of two main parts:

Part 1: Preliminary data on the research sample: years of experience.

Part 2: It includes a research tool that relates to the degree of contribution of parents' councils to school performance from the point of view of the heads of secondary schools in Jeddah: It consists of two dimensions.

The first dimension: the educational dimension and includes 10 paragraphs.

The second dimension: the social dimension and includes 11 paragraphs.

The tool used a five-step Likert (very high, high, medium, low, very low) method to measure the response level on the dimensions of the search dimensions.

Standardization of the questionnaire: The validity of the research tool prepared by the researcher was calculated using the following methods:

 The questionnaire validity:

First, the apparent honesty (sincerity of the arbitrators): The apparent honesty is one of the fundamentals of the research tool. The researcher relied on the apparent honesty. The researcher presented the questionnaire in its preliminary form to (7) arbitrators from faculty members in a number of Saudi universities (80%) of them were agreed upon, and the amendments were agreed upon by more than (80%) of them. , So that the questionnaire is subject to what is not Mei with virtual honesty.

Second: Internal consistency: To verify the accuracy of internal consistency, the questionnaire was applied to a sample of (15) members of the research community and outside the research sample with the same characteristics. Therefore, For the dimension to which you belong,

Stability of the tool: The stability of the tool was calculated by calculating the Alpha Kronbach coefficient to measure the overall stability of the questionnaire and its dimensions after its distribution to a sample of (15) members of the research community and outside the research sample and have the same characteristics.

Describe the research sample and determine its nature through the initial data included in the questionnaire as follows:

• Years of experience: The frequencies and percentages of the research sample were calculated according to the variable years of experience.

Analysis and discussion of the results of the first question, which states:

What is the extent to which parents' councils contribute to school performance (the educational dimension) from the point of view of the principals of secondary schools in Jeddah?

The mathematical averages and standard deviations of the educational dimension were found as follows:

Table (6) The arithmetical averages and standard deviations of the degree of contribution of parents' councils in the educational dimension.

The table shows that the total general average of the dimension that measures the degree of contribution of the parent councils in the educational dimension from the point of view of the directors of the public secondary schools in Jeddah came as a "low" contribution with an average of 2.57. The researcher attributed this to the parents' And their role and role in supporting and developing the educational process, or perhaps due to the failure to give parents an opportunity to benefit from their academic and life experiences Kindle attributed the researcher to the weakness of the principal continued with parents. This result was consistent with the results of the Siyam study (2011), the Awad study (2004), the Baha'i study (2011) and the Hein and Wimer study (2007), which indicated a lack of motivation for parents to focus on communication with the school or to support and develop the process This may be due to the similarity of the societies in which the Arab studies were conducted with the current research community, while this result is different with the study of Talawi (2013) and Boyel et al. (2010), which pointed out the effectiveness of parental participation and school administration in the performance of students in different fields. The nature of society.

It is also evident from the above results that:

Table (6) shows that the arithmetic averages were "medium, low and very low" within the dimension that measures the degree of participation of parents' councils in the educational dimension. The mathematical averages ranged between (1.218 - 3.0420).

• The highest contribution to paragraph (3), which states that "Parents follow up the presence and absence of their daughters in school," has a "moderate" contribution. The researcher may return these results to some parents' attention to their daughters because of the responsibility they face in raising girls. That the repeated absence from the point of view of some may generate their negative behaviors and increase the rebellion against the school and community laws with the conduct of inappropriate behavior and lack of discipline and respect for school attendance and lack of belonging to their school.

Paragraph 5 states that "parents participate in the presence of typical classes in the school" with a "low" contribution. The researcher attributes this to the fact that parents do not participate in the attendance of the typical classes, perhaps because of their lack of time, preoccupation with their daily work, Provided by the school administration of the dates of these quotas. As well as parents are concerned about the future of their children and the behavior of their children inside and outside the school, and their attendance to school and lack of absence increases the level of academic achievement, and the level of academic achievement the higher the parents feel more reassuring.

• The lowest contribution to paragraph (12), which states that "parents provide their various (academic / life) experiences to enrich school curriculum subjects" with a "very low" contribution rate. The researcher attributes that there may be disparities in parental qualifications Some of them can not provide any help or add any information to their daughters students, therefore, they do not provide any practical step to enrich the subjects of the curriculum and agreed with these results with the results of the study of Abbasi (2002), which showed that the large number of parents' concerns and their living conditions prevent parents from providing their expertise in Academic field. Not all parents hold a high academic level, some of them do not have higher degrees, which makes the level of parental assistance to children less than a higher degree, in addition to the pressure of parents at home and the responsibility they hold from raising children and lack of knowledge in all subjects makes their intervention less.

Summary

1. The degree of contribution of parents' councils in the performance of school as a whole came low from the point of view of the directors of public secondary schools in Jeddah.
2. The degree of contribution of parents' councils in the performance of the school "educational dimension" came "low" from the point of view of the directors of government high schools in Jeddah.

Recommendations:

1. Strengthening the relationship between the school administration and parents, and the role of this relationship in addressing the problems of behavioral students, and its role in raising the level of achievement in students.
2. Focus on making parents an effective component in the preparation of educational plans and make them an effective element in the mutual visits that take place within the school.
3. Participation of parents in counseling and therapeutic programs that raise the academic level of students.

List of references

Arabic References:

Radwan, Ahmad and Massarwa, Osama (2014) Parents' reluctance to participate in parent-teacher councils and its impact on school violence, An-Najah University Journal of Humanities (Vol.

Zamil, Majdi (2013) The Effectiveness of Parents' Councils in Supporting School Performance in Public Schools in Tulkarem Governorate, Palestine, from the Point of View of Board Members and Principals, Educational Journal, Vol. 1, Al Quds Open University, Palestine.

Siam, Abeer (2011) Activating Board of Trustees, Parents and Teachers in Primary Education in North Sinai Governorate: A Proposed Concept, Unpublished Master Thesis, Suez Canal University, Egypt.

Al-Qurshi, Mohsen (2011) Community Participation Required for the Development of the Performance of Government High Schools: A Field Study on Government Secondary Schools in Taif Governorate, Unpublished Master Thesis, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.

(2007) The problems faced by the principals of UNRWA schools for the basic stage from the perspective of the principals of these schools teachers in the northern governorates of Palestine, unpublished master thesis, Najah National University, Palestine.

Foreign References

Ausubel, L. (2003): "Perceived Parent Attitude As Determinats ofChildrens Ego Structure", Child Deveploment, 25.

Hussain Sajjad and Naz Bibi (2013) The Assessment Of Parent Teacher Councils In Primary Schools Of District Mardan, HOPE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH Vol (1)1.

Lorentzen, Ivan (2013) The Relationship Between School Board Governance Behaviors and Student Achievement , University of Montana Scholar Works

Muller, Denis ( 2009 ) Parental Engagement Social And Economic Effects, Australian Parents Council

Pushor, Debbie(2007) Parent Engagement: Creating a Shared World, Invited Research Paper Ontario Education Research Symposium January 18 – 20, 2007 Toronto, Ontario.

Raymond. Rodrigueza & Elbaum Batya (2014) The Role of Student–Teacher Ratio in Parents’ Perceptions of Schools’ Engagement Efforts, The Journal of Educational ResearchVolume 107, Issue1.

Tavas, Dejana and Bilac, Sanja(2010) School Websites: A Possibility Of Cooperation With Parents?, Original scientific article.

VolkerSTOCKÉ (2014) Children's School Achievement and Educational Aspirations: The Role of Parents' Peer Group As Social Capital, University of Kassel, Germany.

Weltman, David and Whiteside, Mary(2010) Comparing the Effectiveness of Traditional and Active Learning Methods in Business Statistics: Convergence to the Mean, Journal of StatisticsEducation, Volume 18, Number 1 (2010).