THE FUNERARY STELA OF PTAHMES FROM THE RAMESSIDE PERIOD IN HELIOPOLIS | ||
| Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists | ||
| Article 1, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 1-22 PDF (2.04 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jguaa2.2020.44883.1038 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Gehan Mohamed* 1; Khaled Mohamed* 2 | ||
| 1The Department of History at the Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 2The Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Sohaj University, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| (EN) This paper is concerned with the study and publication of a funerary stela of a man named Ptahmes, which was discovered in Heliopolis, and specifically in the eastern area of Ain Shams. It is currently preserved in the magazine of cArab al-Hisn at Matariya under registration N°. 235. It is made of limestone without any traces of color. Despite being in a good condition, some parts of the upper half of the pyramidion and the lower right corner of the stela are missing, and there are some abrasions in the upper register. The stela exhibits average quality of workmanship. It consists of two registers of incised engravings separated by a double horizontal line. The upper register contains a scene of Osiris – the only god in this stela – together with the stela’s owner, Ptahmes, to whom the stela is dedicated. The second register is occupied by a group of individuals, most of whom are members of Ptahmes’ family: Ptahmes himself, his mother iry-r, his father pA-qd, and a woman in a mourning position whose identity has not yet been identified, but who dedicated the stela itself. This article discusses the stylistic features, hieroglyphic texts, and the religious aspects of the pyramidion which tops the funerary stela, and the symbols represented on it. The analysis of the scenes and texts proves with no doubt that this stela can be dated to the New Kingdom, and more precisely to the Ramesside Period. (AR) لوحة جنائزية لبتاح مس من عصر الرعامسة فى هليوبوليس تتناول الورقة التالیة دراسة ونشر لوحة جنائزیة لرجل یُدعى بتاح مس، وقد عُثر علیها فى هلیوبولیس وعلى وجه التحدید فى المنطقة التی تقع إلى الشرق من منطقة عین شمس، وهذه اللوحة محفوظة حالیًا فی مخزن عرب الحصن الذى یوجد فى منطقة المطریة وذلک تحت رقم تسجیل 235، وهى لوحة مصنوعة من الحجر الجیرى، وتُعتبر خالیة تمامًا من أى أثار للألوان بها. على الرغم من کون هذه اللوحة فی حالة جیدة من الحفظ إلا أنه یوجد بها بعض الأجزاء المفقودة، وتتمثل هذه الأجزاء فیما یلى ذکره: النصف العلوى من الشکل الهرمى والرکن السفلى الأیمن للوحة، هذا الإضافة إلى أنه توجد بعض الأجزاء الأُخرى المهشرة فی الصف العلوى. تتکون اللوحة قید الدراسة من صفین من النقوش الغائرة المحززة یفصل بینهما خط أفقى مزدوج، وهی تُمثل مستوى متوسط من حیث جودة الفن. یشمل الصف العلوى من اللوحة منظر للإله أُوزیر-وهو الإله الوحید الذی تم تمثیله فى هذه اللوحة-وکذلک منظر لصاحب اللوحة وهو بتاح مس الذی کُرست له لوحة الدراسة، بینما یتضمن الصف الثانى مجموعة من الأفراد الذین ینحدر معظمهم من نفس العائلة وهم کالتالى: بتاح مس، والدته إیرى-را، ووالده با قد، وکذلک امرأة قد تم تمثیلها فی وضع الحزن وهو وضع الحداد، وهذه المرأة لم یتم تحدید هویتها، وقد کرست هذه اللوحة لبتاح مس. تناقش المقالة السمات الفنیة والنصوص الهیروغلیفیة والبعد الدینى للشکل الهرمى الذى قد تم تمثیله أعلى اللوحة الجنائزیة وکذلک الرموز الواردة به. تبین بشکل واضح من خلال تحلیل المناظر والنصوص الهیروغلیفیة الواردة بلوحة الدراسة أن هذه اللوحة یمکن أن یعود تأریخها إلى فترة عصر الدولة الحدیثة، وعلى وجه الدقة عصر الرعامسة. | ||
Highlights | ||
| ||
| Keywords | ||
| Ptahmes; Osiris; Pyramidion; Anubis; Ramesside Period; funerary stela; Heliopolis | ||
| References | ||
|
cABDʾAL- cAL, A. M.: «Three Unpublished Stelae from the Egyptian Museum, Cairo», In Supplément aux Annales du Service des Antiquités de L’Égypte, Cahier N°. 34 , vol. 1, Edited by ZAHI A. HAWASS & KHALED A. DAOUD , 45-61, Le Caire, 2008.
_________________.:«A Late Middle Kingdom Offering Table Cairo Temp. N°. 25.10.17.1», MDAIK 62, 2006, 1-6.
cABD ʾEL-cAL, S.: «A Family Stela from Kafr El-Gabal», GM 171, 1990, 7-11.
cABD ʾEL- MAGIUD, Z. R.: «Two Painted Wooden Stelae from the Cairo Museum, (JE18651& JE 4886) », SHEDET 2, 2015, 76 - 86.
cABD ʾEL-RAHIEM, M.: «The Treasurer of the King of Lower Egypt Meru», SAK 31, 2003, 1-8.
cABD ʾEL- RAZIQ, A.: «A Middle Kingdom Funerary Stela of A Woman at Al- Salam School Museum, Assiut», JEA 99, 2013, 275-281.
cAFFARA, M.: «A New Kingdom Stela in the National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden», JARCE 46, 2010, 147-157.
ʾAL-ʾAYEDI, A.-R.: «Stela Sinai 53: A New Perspective», In Supplément aux Annales du Service des Antiquités de L’Égypte, Cahier N°. 34, vol. 1, 57-63, Le Caire, 2005.
cALI, A. A.: «More Unpublished Stelae from Tell Basta and the Earliest Evidence for the Deification of Amenhotep I in the Delta», GM 246, 2015, 5- 15.
cALI, N. O.: «Three Stelae from Ain-Shams», In the Horizon Studies in Egyptology, vol. 3, Edited by BASEM SAMIR ʾEL- SHARKAWY, 65-75,Cairo, 2009.
ALLEN, T. G.: Egyptian Stelae in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (Chicago Field Museum Press) 1936.
ALTENMÜllER- KESTING, B.: Reinigungsriten im ägyptischen kult, Hamburg (Lüdke bei der Uni)1968.
ALTENMÜLLER, H.: «Die Wanddarstellungen im Grab des Mehu in Saqqara», AV 42, 1998.
ASSEM, R.: «Stela JE 34542, Cairo Museum», JARCE 48, 2012, 185- 189.
_____________.: «Stela of Ameneminet (TN. 10/6/24/8) », MDAIK 62, 2006, 63-66.
cATALLAH, M.: « Eine Stele aus dem Mittleren Reich im Ägyptischen Museum Kairo », In Supplément aux Annales du Service des Antiquités de L’Égypte, Cahier, N°. 34 , vol. 1, 151-158, Le Caire, 2005.
________________.: «Eine Pyramidionstele eines Trompeters aus dem Ägyptischen Museum in Kairo», OLA 150/1, 2007, 97- 108.
BAKRY, H. S. K.: « Two New- Kingdom Stelae», ASAE 57, 1962, 9-14.
BALIGH, R.: «Three Middle Kingdom Stelae from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo», JARCE 44, 2008, 169-184.
BAZIN, L. & ʾEL-ENANY, K.: «La stèle d’un “Chancelier du roi et Prophéte d’Amon de la fin du Moyen Empire à Karnak, (Caire JE. 37507) », Karnak. 13, 2010, 1-23.
BENNETT, C. J. C.: «Growth of the Htp –DI- Nsw Formula in the Middle Kingdom», JEA 27, 1941, 77-82.
________ «Motifs and Phrases on Funerary Stelae of the Later Middle Kingdom», JEA 44, 1958, 120-121.
BIERBRIER, M. L.: The British Museum: Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae, vol.12, London (British Museum Press) 1993.
__________ The British Museum: Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae, vol.10, London (British Museum Press) 1982.
BOESER, A.: Beschreibung der Aegyptischen Sammlung des Niederländischen Reichsmuseums der Altertümer in Leiden, Stelen, vol. 3, Leiden, 1913.
BORGHOUTS, J.: «Libation», LÄ 3, 1980, 1014-1015.
BOTHMER, B.: Egyptian Art, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2004.
BROVARSKI, E. J.: «An Unpublished Stele of the First Intermediate Period in the Oriental Institute Museum», JNES 32/4, 1973, 453-465.
BRUNNER-TRAUT, E.: «Lotos», LÄ 3, 1980, 1091-1096.
CHERPION, N.: «Le (Cone d’Onguent), Gage de Survie», BIFAO 94, 1994, 79-106.
DARESSY, M. G.: «Inscriptions Hiéroglyphiques du Musée d’Alexandrie», ASAE 5, 1904, 113-128.
DAVIES, N de G.: The Tomb of Rekh-Mi-RE at Thebes, vol. 2, New York (Arno Press) 1973.
DAVIES, N de G & DAVIES, Nina de G.: The Tombs of Two Officials of Tuthmosis the Fourth (Nos.75 and 90), London (Oxford University Press) 1923.
DAVIES, N. de G & GARDINER, A. H.: The Tomb of Antefoker, Vizier of Sesostris I, and of His Wife, Senet, London (William Clowes and Sons) 1920.
DEMARÉE, R. J.: The Ax iqr n Ra stelae; on Ancestor Worship in Ancient Egypton Ancestor Worship in Ancient Egypt, Egyptologische Uitgaven 3, Leiden (Universiteit van Amsterdam) 1983.
DERCHAIN-URTEL, M.-T.: «Osiris im Fadenkreuz», GM 156, 1997, 47-54.
DORN, A. & PAULIN-GROTHE, E.: «Die Stele Sen(y) nefers und Grabkegel(Cones) aus dem tal der Könige, Die Geschichte Ortsfremder Objekte», GM 222, 2009, 9-11.
DUQUESNE, T.: The Jackal Divinities of Egypt I: From the Archaic Period to Dynasty X, Oxfordshire Communications in Egyptology 6, London (Darengo publications) 2005.
DZIOBEK, E.: «Das Grab des Ineni Theban Nr. 81», AV 68, 1992.
EL–BANNA, E.: «Deux Compagnons de Métier sur une Stéle Inédite», JEA 76, 1990, 175-178.
EL-GABRY, D.: «A Late Middle Kingdom Private Stela of the Priests of Hathor (Cairo Museum CG. 20780», JARCE 51, 2015, 266-275.
EL-SAADY, H.: «Two Heliopolitan Stelae of the New Kingdom», ZÄS 122, 1995, 101- 104.
ERMAN, A.: «Zum Namen des Osiris», ZÄS 46, 1967, 92-95.
ERMAN, A. & GRAPOW, H. (Eds.): Wörterbuch der Ägyptischen Sprache I-V, Leipzig (J. Hinrichs) 1926-1931.
FAULKNER, R. O.: The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Oxford (Clarendon Press) 1969.
______________.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford (Ashmolean Museum Press) 1981.
FISCHER, G.: «A God and A General of the Oasis on a Stela of the Late Middle Kingdom», JNES 16, 1957, 223-235.
_____________., The Tomb of IP at el Saff, New York (Metropolitan Museum of Art) 1996.
FRANKE, D.: «The Middle Kingdom Offering Formulas A challenge», JEA 89, 2003, 54-57.
FREED, R.: «Stela Workshops of Early Dynasty 12», in Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson, vol.1, Edited by PETER DER MANUELIAN, 297-336, Boston, 1996.
GABALLA, G. A.: «False – door Stelae of some Memphite Personnel», SAK 7, 1979, 41-52.
GARDINER, A.: Egyptian Grammar, London (Oxford University Press) 1950.
GREEN, L.: «Hairstyles», In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol.2, Edited by DONALD B. REDFORD, 73-76, Cairo (AUC Press) 2001.
--------------.: «Clothing and Personal Adornment », In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol.1, Edited by DONALD B. REDFORD, 274-279, Cairo (AUC Press) 2001.
HALLMANN, A.: «Three Unusual Stelae from Abydos», JEA 101, 215, 131-152.
HART, G.: The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, London and New York (Taylor &Francis Group) 2005.
HARTWIG, M. K.: Tomb Painting and Identity in Ancient Thebes, 1419-1372 BCE, Brussels (Brepols Publishers) 2004.
HERMANN, A., Die Stelen der Thebanischen Felsgräber der 18 Dynastie, ÄF 11, 1940.
HODJASH, S. & BERLEV, O.: The Egyptian Reliefs and Stelae in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, Leningard (Aurora Art Publishers) 1982.
HÖLZL, R.: «Round- Topped Stelae from the Middle Kingdom to the Late Period. Some Remarks on the Decoration of Lunettes», SCIE 1, 1992, 258-289.
____________.: «Stelae» In the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol. 3, Edited by DONALD B. REDFORD, 319-324, Cairo (AUC Press) 2001.
ILIN-TOMICH, A. : «A Twelfth Dynasty Stela Workshop Possibly from Saqqara», JEA 97, 2011, 117-126.
___________________.: «Changes in the Htp-di-nsw Formula in the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period», ZÄS 138, 2011, 20-34.
JAMES, T.: The British Museum: Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae, vol. 9, London (British Museum Press) 1970.
JOSEPHSON, J. A.: Catalogue Général of Egyptian Antiquities in the Cairo Museum NRS. 48601- 48649, Statues of the XXV th and XXVI th Dynasties, Cairo (The Supreme Council of Antiquities Press) 1999.
KUHLMANN, K. P.: Der Thron im Alten Ägypten, Glückstadt (J. J Augustin) 1977.
LABRIQUE, F.: «Two Monuments of the high Steward Senaa-Ib of the Middle Kingdom», RdE 54, 2003, 270-278.
LACAU, M. P.: Stèles du Nouvel Empire, in Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, Nos. 34001-34189, Le Caire , 1909.
MACADAM, L.: The Temples of Kawa, vol. I, London (Oxford University Press) 1949.
LANDGRÀFOVÀ, R.: It is My Good Name That you should Remember: Egyptian Biographical Texts on Middle Kingdom, Prague, 2011.
LEITZ, Ch.: Lexikon der Ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen, vol. 2 , OLA 111, 2002 .
- ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ.: Lexikon der Ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen, vol, 5, OLA 114, 2002.
LEPROHON, R. J.: «The Offering Formula in the First Intermediate Period», JEA 76, 1990, 163-164.
LICHTHEIM, M.: «The Stela of taniy. CG.20564 Its Date and Its Character», SAK 16, 1989, 203-215.
LURKER, M.: The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Egypt, London (Thames and Hudson) 1980.
MALAISE, M.: «La Position de la Femme sur les Steles du Moyen Empire», SAK 5, 1977, 183-198.
MARÉE, M.: «A Sculpture Workshop at Abydos from the Late Sixteenth or Early Seventeenth Dynasty», in the Second Intermediate Period, OLA. 192, Edited by MARCEL MARÉE, 241-281, Leuven, 2010.
METAWI, R.: «The Stela of the Chief Interior -Overseer to the Treasurer !rw-nfr (Cairo Museum CG 20563)», JARCE 44, 2008, 141-151.
______________.: «An Interesting New Kingdom Stela from Thebes Cairo Museum (CG.34045)», JARCE 51, 2015, 277-284.
MOURSI , M.:« Two Ramesside Stelae From Heliopolis», GM 105, 1988, 59 - 64.
«Corpus der Mnevis–Stelen und Untersuchungen zum Kult der Mnevis–Stiere in Heliopolis I», SAK 14, 198, 225-237.
OBSOMER, C. : «di.f prt-xrw et la filiation ms(t).n/ ir (t).n comme critères de datation dans les textes du Moyen Empire», In Individu, Société et Spiritualité dans l’ Égypte Pharaonique et Copte, edits par CHRISTIAN CANNUYER ET JEAN- MARIE KRUCHTEN, 163-196, Bruxelles , 1993.
PESTMAN, P.: Marriage and Matrimonial Property in Ancient Egypt, Leiden (E. J. Brill) 1961.
PFLÜGER, K.: «The Private Funerary Stelae of the Middle Kingdom and Their Importance for the Study of Ancient Egyptian History», JAOS 67, 1947, 127-135.
RADWAN, A.: «Six Ramesside Stelae in the popular Pyramidion – Form», ASAE 71, 1987, 223-228.
_________________,«Darstellungen der Aufgehenden Sonne auf Einigen Stelen der Ramessidenzeit», In Studien zu Sprache und Religion Ägyptens, vol.2, 823-827, Göttingen , 1984.
_____________.: «The Stela Louvre C211», BACE. 21, 2010, 99-114.
RANKE, H.: Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, vol.1, Glückstadt (J. J.Augustin) 1935.
RAUE, D.: Heliopolis und das Haus des Re, Berlin (Achet-Verl) 1999.
ROBINS, G.: «Hair and Construction of Identity in Ancient Egypt, C. 1480 – 1350 B.C.», JARCE 36, 1999, 55-69.
____________.: «The Relationships Specified by Egyptian Kinship Terms of the Middle and New Kingdom», CdE. 54, 1979, 197- 217.
ROEDER, G.: Aegyptische Inschriften aus den Staatlichen Museum zu Berlin, vol. 2, Leipzig, 1924.
RUSSMANN. E. R.: Eternal Egypt, Masterworks of Ancient Art from the British Museum, California (University of California Press) 2001.
SAIED, A.: «Eine Schöne Stele des Bürgermeisters , Sdj it.f” aus dem Ägyptisches Museum, Kair» In Egyptian Museum Collections around the World, vol. 2, Edited by MAMDOUH ELDAMATY & MAI TRAD, Cairo (AUC press) 2002.
SALEH, H.: Investigating Ethnic and Gender Identities as Expressed on Wooden Funerary Stelae from the Libyan Period (C.1069-715B.C.E.) in Egypt, Oxford (Archaeopress) 2007.
SALEH, J. M.: Les AntiquitésÉgyptiennes de Zagreb, Paris (Walter de Gruyter Gmbh) 1970.
SAMUAL, D.: «Bread», In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol.1, Edited by DONALD B. REDFORD, 196-198, Cairo (AUC Press) 2001.
SEIPEL, W.: Ägypten. Götter, Gräber und die Kunst, vol. 1, Linz, 1989.
SELIM, H.: «Three Identical Stelae from the End of the Twelfth or Thirteenth Dynasty», SAK 29, 2001, 319-330.
_____________.:«The Stela of tA-abat in the Cairo Museum», In Institut francais d’archéologie orientale: Bibliothéque d’Étude 138, 253-258,Le Caire, 2003.
______________.: «An Eleventh Dynasty Stela in the Cairo Museum (Cairo Temp. 27.4.22.5)», MDAIK 57, 2001, 257 - 269.
____________.:«The Stela of @r–wDw in the Cairo Museum (JE .41332)», SAK 28, 2000, 243-256.
SHALABY, M. A.: «The Stela of WAH – Hrt- nxt (JE .57112)», SHEDET 3, 2016, 24-33.
SILVERMN, D.P. & BROVARSKI, E.: Searching for Ancient Egypt, New York, (Cornell University Press) 1997.
SIMPSON, W. K.: Giza Mastabas, The Mastabas of Qar and Idu, vol. 2, Boston (Eastern Press. INC.) 1976.
SMITHER, P. C.: «The Writing of Htp- di- nsw in The Middle and New Kingdoms», JEA 25, 1939, 34-37.
SMITHER, P. C. & DAKIN, A. N.: «Stelae in the Queen’s College, Oxford», JEA 25, 1939, 157-165.
STEFANOVIĆ, D.: «Four Middle Kingdom Stelae from the National Archaeological Museum, Athens», JEA 96, 2010, 207-2015.
_________________., «Offerings for the KAS of Six Ladies (British Museum Stela No 1679», Journal of Classical Studies Matica Srprska 11, 2009 A.
__________________.: The Non- Royal Regular Feminine Titles of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period: Dossiers, London (Golden House Publications) 2009 B.
STEWART, H. M.: Egyptian Stelae, Reliefs and Paintings, vol. 1, London (Aris & Phillips Ltd.) 1976.
TEETER, E.: «A Stela of the Family of Khaemtir (i) and the Scribe Qenherkhepshef (i) (Chicago OIM E 14315)», JARCE 50, 2014, 147-159.
_______________, «Inside The Temple: The Role and Function of Temple Singers» in The Life of Meresamun, A Temple Singer in Ancient Egypt, Edited by EMILY TEETER & JANET H. JOHNSON, 25-29, Chicago (The Oriental Institute Museum Publication)2009.
VALBELLE, D.: «Témoignages du Nouvel Empire sur les cultes de Satis et d’Anoukis á Éléphantine et á Deir 'El-Médineh», BIFAO 75, 1975, 123-145.
WARD, W. A.: Index of Egyptian Administrative and Religious Titles of the Middle Kingdom, Beirut (AUB Press) 1982.
WESTENDORF, W.: Ältägyptische Darstellungen des Sonnenlaufes auf der abschüssigen Himmelsbahn, MÄS 10, 1966.
WILKINSON, R. H.: The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, London (Thames & Hudson) 2003.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 598 PDF Download: 1,026 |
||
