abd al-razik, M. (2020). AL-KARĪMĪYAH MOSQUE IN ALEPPO, SYRIA: AN ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY. test, 7(7), 201-230. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2021.35168.1027
mansour mohamed abd al-razik. "AL-KARĪMĪYAH MOSQUE IN ALEPPO, SYRIA: AN ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY". test, 7, 7, 2020, 201-230. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2021.35168.1027
abd al-razik, M. (2020). 'AL-KARĪMĪYAH MOSQUE IN ALEPPO, SYRIA: AN ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY', test, 7(7), pp. 201-230. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2021.35168.1027
abd al-razik, M. AL-KARĪMĪYAH MOSQUE IN ALEPPO, SYRIA: AN ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY. test, 2020; 7(7): 201-230. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2021.35168.1027

AL-KARĪMĪYAH MOSQUE IN ALEPPO, SYRIA: AN ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY

Shedet
Article 11, Volume 7, Issue 7, 2020, Pages 201-230    PDF (21.58 M)
Document Type: research articles
DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.35168.1027
Author
mansour mohamed abd al-razik*
Islamic Archaeology department, Faculty of archaeology, Cairo uni.
Abstract
The paper presents a study of the mosque of al-Karīmīyah, which is considered one of the oldest mosques in Aleppo city. Despite the importance of this mosque, no study has been allocated to it, which gives a special significance of this paper especially that the monuments of the city subject to severe ruin because of the current events in Syria in general. The paper examines the names of the mosque and its historical importance as demonstrated through its various functions. All renewal works at the building are considered and an architectural description is provided, which includes a new dating for some elements, in addition to an analytical study shows the origin of the mosque's elements and compares them to parallel examples. The paper included also a reading for all remaining inscriptions with facsimile figures made by the author and published for the first time. The study also elucidates the endowments that were allocated to the mosque during the Mamluk and the Ottoman periods, demonstrating the significance of its waqf. All plates have been taken by the author in 2010.
Keywords
Aleppo; al-Karīmīyah mosque; foundation date; Islamic architecture; Islamic inscriptions; minaret; endowments
References
REFERENCES

  1. Abd al-Rāzik (Mansour), Al-Ḥammamāt al-ʿāmmah bi-madīnat ḥalab mundh bidayat al-ʿaṣr al-ayūbī wa-ḥatta nihāyat al-ʿaṣr al-ʿuthmānī (in Arabic= Public Baths in Aleppo since the beginning of Ayyubid period to the end of Ottoman state), al-Maktab al-ʿarabī li-l-mʿārif, Cairo, 2014.
  2. Abd al-Rāzik (Mansour), Al-Ṭuruz al-miʿmārῑyah li-l-maʾadhin al-baqῑyah bi-madīnat ḥalab (in Arabic= architectural styles of surviving minarets in Aleppo), Waqayʾiʿ Tārīkhῑyah 20 (2014), Cairo, 299-382.
  3. Abd al-Rāzik (Mansour), Architectural archaeological study to Mehmendar mosque in Aleppo, Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies (EJARS), Sohag univ, Vol. (2), (2015).
  4. Abd al-Rāzik (Mansour), Al-Rumi "Menkali Bogha" mosque in Aleppo - architectural archaeological study”, Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies (EJARS), Sohag univ, Vol. (2), (2016).
  5. Abd al-Rāzik (Mansour), Mosque of Bahram Basha and its endowments in Aleppo (Syria)” Scientific Culture, Vol. (1), (2017).
  6. Al-Asadī (Khayar al-din), Aḥyāʾḥalab wa aswāqiha (in Arabic= the districts and souks of Aleppo), Dār qutaybah, Syria, 1990.
  7. Al-ʿasqalanī (shihab ad-din), Inbaʾ al-ghumur bi abnaʾ al-ʿumur fi al-tarikh(in Arabic=news of numerous about sons of the age in the history), Muhmed khan (ed.), Vol. (5), Dar al-kutub al-ʿilmiyah, Lebanon, 1986.  
  8. Al-ʿasqalanī (shihab ad-din), al-Durar al-Kaminah fi aʿyan al-miʾah al-thaminah(in Arabic= the hidden pearls about the nobles of the eighth hundred), Abd al-Warith Muhamed (ed.), Vol. (3), Dar al-kutub al-ʿilmiyah, Lebanon, 1997.
  9. Al- Dhahabī (Shams ad-din), Siyar aʿlā al-nubalāʾ(in Arabic= the biographies of the nobles), Hassan Abd al-Mannan (ed.), Vol. (3), Bayt al-afkār al-dawlyah, Jordon, 2004.
  10. Al-Ghuzzī (Kamil), Nahr al-dhahab fῑ tārῑkh ḥalab(in Arabic= the gold river in the history of Aleppo), Shawqī Shaʿath (ed.), Vol. (3), Dār al-qalam al-ʿarabī, Syria, 1999.
  11. Al-Ḥaddād (Mohamed), Al-Qῑbāb fῑ al-ʿimārah al-misryah al-islāmyah, al-qubbah al-madfan, nashʾatiha wa-taṭawuriha ḥatta nihayat al- ʿaṣr al-mamlūkῑ ((in Arabic= the domes in Egyptian Islamic architecture), Maktabat al-thqāfah al-dīnyah Egypt, 1993.
  12. Al- Ḥimṣī (Faiyz), Ḥalab al-qadῑmah (in Arabic= Ancient Aleppo), Manshurāt al-muduryah al-ʿāmmah li-l-athār wa-l- mtāḥif, Syria, 1983.
  13. Al-Jabbūrī (Abd al-salām), Al-mushaiyadat al-waqfiyah wa al-khiriyah fi bilād al-shām ibān al-asr al-mamlūki (in Arabic= endowment and charity buildings in the Levant during the Mamluk period), Dār al-kitab al-thaqafi, Jordon, 2014.
  14. Al-Jabbūrī (Yaḥya), Al-khaṭ wa-l-kitābah fῑ al-bilād al-ʿarabyah (in Arabic= script and inscription in Arabian countries), Dār al-gharb al-islamī, Lebanon, 1994.
  15. Al-Jāsir (Lamyaʾ), Madāris ḥalab al-atharyah (in Arabic= archaeological schools of Aleppo), Dār al-raḍwān, Syria, 2000.
  16. Al-Jāsir (Lamyaʾ), Dūr al-mutaṣawifah fi Ḥalab, al-khanqahat wa al-rubuṭ wa al-zawayah wa al-takayah (in Arabic= The houses of Sufis in Aleppo), Jamʿiyat al-ʿadiyat bi ḥalab, Aleppo, 2008.
  17. Al-Jirmānī (Bishūf), Tuḥaf al-anbaʾ bi-tārῑkh Ḥalab al-shahbāʾ(in Arabic= the wonderful news about the history of white Aleppo), Shawqī Shaʿath (ed., trans.), Dār al-wasῑm, Syria, 1992.
  18. Al-Qusir (Abd al-Razik), Al-madakhil al-baqiyah li al-ʿamāʾir al-islamiyah al-diniyah fi madinat ḥalab min al-asr al-zinkī ḥatta nihayat al-asr al-ʿuthmanī- dirasah athriyah miʿmariyah faniyah muqaranah 522-1337 A.H/ 1128-1918 A.D (in Arabic= survived entrances in regional Islamic monuments in Aleppo from Zangi period to the end of the end of the Ottoman period), PhD, Islamic archaeology dep., faculty of archaeology, Cairo University, Cairo, 2018.
  19. Al-Sakhāwī (Shams al-din), Al-Dawʾ allāmiʿ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsiʿ(in Arabic= the brilliance light of the natives of the ninth century), Abd Allaṭῑf Ḥassan (ed.), 6 vols, Dār al-jīl, Lebanon, 1992.
  20. Al-Ṭabbākh (Raghib), Aʿlām al-nublāʾ bi-tārῑkh ḥalab al-shahbāʾ(in Arabic= the nobles of the history of white Aleppo), Muḥammad Kamāl (ed.), 7 vols, al-Maṭbʿah al-amīryah, Syria, 1983.
  21. Burns (Ross), Aleppo, A history, Routledge, Taylor & Francis, London, 2017.
  22. Chehade (Nachat), Aleppo: Its structure and problems, Ekistics 12, no. 70 (1961), Athens 102-106.
  23. Coeli (Fitzpatrick) & Walker (Adam), Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2014.
  24. Creswell (Keppel), The Evolution of the minaret with special reference to Egypt, the Burlington Magazine 48, no. 278,(1926), London 134-140.
  25. Creswell (Keppel), Early Muslim architecture, Umayyad, Early Abbasid and Tulunids, the Clarendon press, Oxford, 1932.
  26. David (Jan Claud) & Ḥiritani (Maḥmud), Ḥalab madinat al- tārīkh (in Arabic= Aleppo, the city of history),Shuʿaʿ lil nashr wa al-ʿulūm, Aleppo, 2011.
  27. Fares (Mohamed), The Great Umayyad mosque of Aleppo, Dār al-qalam al-ʿarabῑ, Syria, 1997.
  28. Gaube (Heinz), Arabische inschriften aus Syrien, in commission bai Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden, Lebanon, 1978.
  29. Gaube (Heinz)& Wirth (Eugen), Aleppo : historische und geographische Beiträge zur baulichen Gestaltung, zur sozialen Organisation und zur wirtschaftlichen Dynamik einer vorderasiatischen Fernhandelsmetropole, Ṣakhr al-ʿulaby (trans.), Manshūrāt wizārat al-thaqāfah al-sūrῑyah, Damascus, 2007.
  30. Herzfeld (Ernst), Inscriptions et monuments d’Alep, Impremerrie de l’Institute Français d’Archéologie Orientale, Le Caire, 1955.
  31. Hivernel (Jacques), Bâb al-Nayrab, un Faubourg d'Alep, Hors la Ville et dans la Cite.Études Ruralesno. 155, (2000), 215-237.
  32. Ibn al-Ajamī, Kunūz al-dhahab fῑ tārῑkh ḥalab(in Arabic= the treasures of gold in the history of Aleppo), shawqī shaʿaṯh (ed.), 2 vols, Dār al-qalam al-ʿarabī, Syria, 1997.
  33. Ibn al-Ḥanbalī, Durr al- ḥabab fῑ tārῑkh ḥalab(in Arabic= the nice pearls in the history of Aleppo), Maḥmūd Fakhūrῑ (ed.), 2vols, Manshūrāt wizārat al-thaqāfah al-sūrῑyah, Syria, 1972.
  34. Ibn al-Shuḥnah, Al-Durr al-muntakhab fῑ tārῑkh ḥalab(in Arabic= the selected pearls in the history of Aleppo), Abdullah Darwīsh (ed.), 1 vol., Dār al-kitāb al-arabī, Syria, 1984.
  35. Ibn al-Wardī (ʿUmar), tārῑkh ibn al-wardī(in Arabic= the history of Ibn al-wardi), Dar al-Kutub al-ʿilmiyah, Lebanon, 1996.
  36. Ibn Ḥabib (al-Ḥasan), Tadhkarit al-nabih fi ayam al-Mansur wa banih(in Arabic= Reminding the intelligent about the reign of al-Mansour and his sons) , Matbaʿit Dar al-kutub, Cairo, 1976.
  37. Ibn Shaddād, Al-Aʿlāq al-khaṭῑrah fῑ zikr ʾumrāʾ al-shām wa-l-jazῑrah(in Arabic= the serious issues in mentioning the emirs of the Levant and the island), Dūminik Sūrdῑyl (ed.), 3 vols, French Institute for Arabic Studies, Syria, 1953.
  38. Kessler (Christel), Funerary architecture within the city, Colloque International sur lʼHistoire du Caire, Cairo, 1969.
  39. Lamʿī (Ṣaliḥ), Al-Tūrāth al-miʿmārῑ al-islāmῑ (in Arabic= Islamic architectural heritage), Dār al-nahḍah al-arabīyah, Lebanon, 1984.
  40. Lamʿī (Ṣaliḥ), Al-QiBāb fi al-ʿimarah al-islāmῑyah (in Arabic=Domes in Islamic architecture), Dār al-nahḍah al-ʿarabīyah, Lebanon, 1987.
  41. Layish (Aharon), Waqfs of Awlad al-Nas in Aleppo in the late Mamluk period as reflected in a family archive, Journal of the Economic and social history of the Orient 51, no. 2, (2008), 287-326.
  42. Māhir (Suʿad), Masājid miṣr wa awlῑyāʾuha al-Ṣālihūn (in Arabic= The mosques of Egypt and its righteous saints), al-Majles al-aʿlā li-l-shiʾūwn al-islāmiyah, Egypt, 1971.
  43. Meincke (Michael), Die Mamlukische architektur in Ägypten und Syrien (648/1250 bis 923/1517), Abhandlungen des Deutschen Archӓologischen Institutes, Ägypten, 1992.
  44. Nuṭfajī (Ḥusām), fan al-ʿimarah al-arabiyah wa al-islamiyah wa athāriha fi ḥalab (in Arabic= The art of Islamic architecture in Aleppo), Dar al-Qalam, Aleppo, 2012.
  45. ʿUthmān (Najwa), Al-Handasah al-ʾinshʾīyah fῑ masājid ḥalab (in Arabic=structural engineering in the mosques of Aleppo), Maʿhad al-turāth al-ʿilmī, Syria, 1992.
  46. ʿUṯhmān (Najwa), Al-ʾAthār wa-l-awābīd al-tārῑkhῑyah fῑ ḥalab wa-killis wa- ghāzῑ-ʿintāb (in Arabic= Historical archaeology in Aleppo, Killis and ghazi ʿintab), University of Aleppo, Syria, 2009.
  47. ʿUṯhmān (Najwa), Dirasat naqʾish al-ʿahd al-uthmānī fi muḥfazat ḥalab, al-mabanī wa shawahid al-qubūr (in Arabic= study of the inscriptions of the Ottoman period in Aleppo, buildings and tombstones), al-makatabah al-waqfiyah, Aleppo, 2010.
  48. Qalʿajī (Abd al-Fattaḥ), Ḥalab al-qadῑmah wa-l-ḥadῑthah, asmāʾiha wa ḥukkāmiha wa aḥdāthiha, abwābiha wa aswāqiha wa aḥῑyʾiha (in Arabic=Ancient and modern Aleppo, its names, rulers, events, gates, souks and districts), Mūʾssasit al-risālah, Lebanon, 1989.
  49. Petersen (Andrew), Dictionary of Islamic architecture, Routledge, 11 New Fetter Lane, London, 1996.
  50. Raby (Julian), “Nur Al-Din, the Qastal al-Shuʿaybiyya, and the Classical Revival” Muqarnas 21 (2004), 289-310.
  51. Raymond (André), Les grand waqfs et l’oranisation de l’espace urbain a Alep et au Caire a l’époque Ottomane (XVI-XVII Siécles), Bulletin d'études orientales, Vol. (31), (1979).
  52. Raymond (André), La ville arabe, Alep, à l'époque ottomane: (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Malaka Abiyad (trans.), Manshūrāt wizārat al-thaqāfah al-sūrῑyah, Damas, 2007. 
  53. Roded (Ruth), Great Mosques, Zāwiyas and Neighborhood Mosques: Popular Beneficiaries of Waqf Endowments in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Aleppo. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. (1), 1990.
  54. Said (Abeer), Khanqahat misr ḥatta nihayat asr al-mamlīk al-bahriyah 648-784 A.H/ 1250-1382 A.D (in Arabic= Khanqah of Egypt until the end of the Mamluk period)”, al-Ustāz 203, (2012), 1455-1489.
  55. Sauvaget (Jan), Alep, Essai sur le Développement d’une Grande Ville Syrienne, des Origines au Milieu du XIX Siècle, Lebrairie Orientalist Paul Geuthner, Paris, 1941.
  56. Sauvaget (Jan) & Tyrwhitt (Jacqueline), “Aleppo” Ekistics 11, no. 67 (1961), Athens 387-412.
  57. Sāmiḥ (Kamal al-din), “Taṭwur al-qūbbah fῑ al-ʿimārah al-islāmῑyah” (in Arabic= Development of the dome in Islamic architecture), Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts, Vol. (1), 1950.
  58. Saouaf (Ṣuḥī) & Miller (George), Aleppo: Visitor's Guid. 2st ed. Aleppo, Syria, 1964.
  59. Shadi (Watfa) & Bashar (Mustafa), Syrian Archaeological Heritage, Past and Present. Scientific Culture, Vol. (3), (2015), 1-14.
  60. Shāfiʿī (Farid), West Islamic Influence on Architecture in Egypt- before the Turkish Period Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts , Vol. (2), 1954.
  61. Shāfiʿī (Farid), The Mashhad al-Juyushi, Archaeological notes and studies, Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honor of Professor Creswell, Cairo, (1965), 237-252.
  62. Shāfiʿī (Farid), Al-ʿimārah al-ʿarabῑyah fῑ miṣr al-islāmῑyah (in Arabic= Arabian architecture in Islamic Egypt), Al-Haῑʾah al-miṣrῑyah al-ʿāmmah li-l-kitāb, Egypt, 1970.
  63. Tabbaa (Yaser) “Circle of power: Palace, Citadel, and city in Ayyubid Aleppo, Ars Orientalis 23, (1993), 181-200.
  64. Ṭalas (Mohamed), Al-ʾathār al-islāmῑyah wa-l-tāʾrῑkhῑyah fῑ ḥalab (in Arabic= Historical and Islamic archaeology in Aleppo), Maṭbʿit al-taraqqī, Syria, 1956.
  65. Tymūr (Ahmed), Al-ʾathār al-nabawiyah (in Arabic= Prophetic antiquities), Muʾsasit hidawī, Cairo, 2012.
  66. Warren (John), Key monuments of Islamic architecture: Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon Architecture of the Islamic world, Michell G. (ed.), (Thames & Hudson Ltd, London, 1978.
  67. Watentpaugh (Heghnar), The image of an Ottoman city, imperial architecture and urban experience in Aleppo in the 16th and 17th Centuries, Brill, Boston, 2004.
Statistics
Article View: 1,087
PDF Download: 1,089