THREE OLD KINGDOM FRAGMENTARY RELIEFS AND THEIR OWNERS | ||
| Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists | ||
| Article 3, Volume 6, Issue 2, May 2021, Pages 41-58 PDF (1.77 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jguaa2.2021.45705.1039 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ibrahim Abd El-Sattar* ; Shouikar Salama* | ||
| Professor at Department of History- College of Art- Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University- KSA | ||
| Abstract | ||
| (AR) ثلاثة بقايا لقطع منقوشة من الدولة القديمة و مالكيها تتهدف تلک الورقة البحثية إلى نشر ثلاثة قطع محفوظة بالمخزن الأثري في أطفيح، وتنتمي إلى بقايا ثلاثة مقابر تهدمت معظم أجزائها. وتکمن أهمية تلک الورقة البحثية في التعرف على أسماء أصحاب تلک القطع الثلاثة؛ حيث إن قطعتين فقط من تلک القطع الثلاثة تحمل أسماء مالکيها (القطعتين الثانية والثالثة)، بينما القطعة الأولى تحمل بقايا ألقاب بدون أي اسم يدل على صاحب تلک القطعة. وتزداد المشکلة أن تلک الأسماء تکرر ظهورها کثيرًا في الدولة القديمة. وبعد فحص الألقاب والأسماء التي وردت على تلک القطع وإعادة ترکيب واستکمال النصوص التي وردت على القطعة الأولى، فقد انتهت تلک الدراسة إلى أن القطعة الأولى تخص المدعو "کا خر بتاح فتک تا" من الأسرة السادسة، وصاحب المقبرة G 7652 بالجيزة، بينما القطعة الثانية هي لوحة مستديرة القمة من إحدى لوحتين لشخص يدعى "عنخ شبسسکاف" من الأسرة الخامسة، وصاحب المقبرة G 6040 بالجيزة، أما القطعة الثالثة فهي عبارة عن جزء من عتب يحمل اسم السيدة "حتب حر نفرت" زوجة المدعو "بري سن"، الذي ربما عاش في الفترة ما بين منتصف الأسرة الخامسة وحتى بداية الأسرة السادسة وربما کانت تلک القطعة هي جزء من مقبرته في الجيزة رقم LD 78. (En) This paper aims to publish three fragments preserved in the archaeological store at Atfiyah and belong to three mastaba tombs at Giza; two of them were mostly collapsed. The importance of this paper is due to that two fragments of those in question only contain the names of their owners (the second and the third fragments), while the first one bears some titles without its owner name. Although two fragments bear the names of their owners, these names were frequently repeated in the Old Kingdom which makes it more difficult to determine their identity. So, identifying the persons who held these names is also the aim of this paper. Accordingly, this paper tries to find out the owners of those fragments and their tombs. After examining the names and the titles inscribed on these fragments and after reconstructing and supplementing the texts of the first fragment, the study concluded that the first fragment belongs to KA(⸗j)-xr-PtH:Ftk-tA of the Sixth Dynasty, and the owner of the mastaba tomb G 7652 in Giza, while the second fragment is one of the two stelae of anx 5pss-kA⸗f of the Fifth Dynasty, and the owner of the mastaba tomb G 6040 in Giza. The third fragment is a lintel of 1p-Hr-nfr, the wife of Prj-sn who lived during the middle of the Fifth Dynasty and the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty. This fragment may have been a part of his mastaba tomb LD 78 in Giza. | ||
Highlights | ||
| ||
| Keywords | ||
| Giza; Mastaba, Old Kingdom, Stela; KA(⸗j)-xr-PtH:Ftk-tA, anx 5pss-kA⸗f, 1tp-Hr-nfr | ||
| References | ||
|
AHMED, B.: «Old Kingdom Lintel of Isi at the Egyptian Museum», EJARS 10/1, 2020, 23-27. DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2020.98958.
AL-CAYEDI, A. R.: Index of Egyptian Administrative, Religious and Military Titles of the New Kingdom, Ismailia (Obelisk Publications) 2006.
ALTENMÜLLER, H.: «Presenting the nD.t Hr Offerings to the Tomb Owner», in: BÁRTA, M. (ed.), The Old Kingdom Archaeology. Proceedings of the Conference Held in Prague, May 31-June 4, Prague 2002, 25-35.
CAMER, I.: «The Deity Ftk-tA- Ftk-t in the Pyramid Texts», EJARS 10/2, 2020, 165-175. DOI: 10.12608/EJARS.2020.131819.
CAYAD, M.: «Some Thoughts on the Disappearance of the Office of the God's Wife of Amun», JSSEA 28, 2001, 1-14.
: «On the Identity and Role of the God's Wife of Amun in Rites of Royal and Divine Dominion», JSSEA 34, 2007, 1-11.
ABD EL-SATTAR, I.: «The Anthropoid Wooden Coffin of 4n(⸗j)-jw in Cairo Museum (CG. 61010.1-2)»,
SHEDET 5, 2018, 17-34. DOI: 10.36816/SHEDET.005.03.
ANDRÁSSY, P.: «Das pr-Sna im Alten Reich», SAK 20, 1993, 17-35.
BAER, K.: Rank and Title in the Old Kingdom, Chicago (University of Chicago Press) 1960. BARTA, W.: Der Altägyptische Opferliste, MÄS 3, Berlin (Hessling Service) 1963.
: Aufbau und Bedeutung der Altägyptischen Opferformel, ÄF 24, Glückstadt (J.J. Augustin) 1968.
: «Zur Bedeutung der Opferformel im Alten Reich», GM 96, 1987, 7-9.
BÁRTA, M.: Abusir V. The Cemeteries at Abusir South 1, Prague (Czeck Institute of Egyptology) 2001. BENNETT, C.J.C.: «Growth of the Htp-Dʼi-Nsw Formula in the Middle Kingdom», JEA 27, 1941, 77-
82.
BOLSHAKOV, A. O.: Studies on Old Kingdom Reliefs and Sculpture in the Hermitage, ÄA 67, Wiesbaden (Harrassowitz Verlag) 2005.
BORCHARDT, L. D.: Statuen und Statuetten von Konigen und Privatleuten, vol. 1, Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire Nºs. 1-1294, Berlin (Reichsdrukerie) 1911.
: Denkmäler des Alten Reiches, vol. I, Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire Nos 1295-1808, Berlin (Reichsdruckerei) 1937.
BREASTED, G. H.: Ancient Egyptian Records, vol. 1, Chicago (University of Chicago Press) 1900. DAVIES, N. De, G.: Mastaba of Ptahhetep and Akhethetep at Saqqareh, vol. 2, ASE 9, London 1901.
DE-CENIVAL, J. L.: «À Propos de la Stèle de Chéchi. Étude de Quelques Types de Titulatures Privées de l’Ancien Empire», RdÉ 27, 1975, 62-69.
DER MANUELIAN, P.: Slab Stelae of Giza Necropolis, New Haven and Philadelphia (Yale University Presss) 2003.
DESPLANCQUES, S.: L’Institution du Trésor en Égypte: des Origines à la Fin du Moyen Empire, Paris (PU Paris- Sorbonne) 2006.
DUNHAM, D., & SIMPSON, W.K.: Giza Mastabas, vol. 1. The Mastaba of Queen Mersyankh III G 7530- 7540, Boston (Museum of Fine Arts) 1974.
EDEL, E.: Hieroglyphische Inschriften des Alten Reiches, Wiesbaden (Literaturverzeichnis – Brill) 1980. ERMAN, A. & GRAPOW, H. (eds): Wörterbuch der Ägyptischen Sprache, 5 vols, Leipzig (J. Hinrichs)
1926-1931 [= Wb.].
FISCHER, H. G.: Inscriptions from the Coptite Nome Dynasties VI-XI, AnOr 40, Rome (Pontificium institutum Biblicum) 1964.
: Dendera in the Third Millennium B.C. Down to the Theban Domination of Upper Egypt, New York (J.J. Augustin) 1968.
: Egyptian Studies 1. Varia, New York (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) 1976.
: Egyptian Studies 2. The Orientation of Hieroglyphs, New York (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) 1977.
: «Five Inscriptions of the Old Kingdom», ZÄS 105, 1978, 42-59.
: Egyptian Studies 3. Varia Nova, New York (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) 1996. : Egyptian Woman of the Old Kingdom and the Heracleopolitan Period, New York (Metropolitan Museum of Art) 2000.
FRANKE, D.: «The Middle Kingdom Offering Formulas: A Challenge», JEA 89, 2003, 39-41. GARDINER, A. H.: «The Meaning of the Formula Htp dj njswt», In: DAVIES, N. de. G. & GARDINER, A.
H. (eds.), The Tomb of Amenemhat, London (EEF) 1915, 79-93.
: Ancient Egyptian Onomastica, vol. 2, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 1947.
: Egyptian Grammar, 3rd, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 1957. GAUTHIER, H.: Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques, vol. 1, Le Caire (IFAO) 1925.
GÖDEKEN, K. B.: Eine Betrachung der Inschriften des Meten im Rahmen der Sozilen und Rechtlichen Stellung von Privatleuten im Agyptischen Alten Reich, ÄA 29, Wiesbaden (Harrassowitz Verlag) 1976.
GOEDICKE, H.: «Die Laufbahn MTn», MDAIK 21, 1966, 1-71.
GRDSELOFF, B.: «Le dieu 8wAw, Patron des Oculists», ASAE 41, 1942, 207-217. HALL, H. R.: «The hetep-di-suten Formula», PSBA 30, 1908, 5-7.
HARPUR, Y.: Decoration in Egyptian Tombs of the Old Kingdom: Studies in Orientation and Scene Content.
Studies in Egyptology, London (KPI) 1987.
HASSAN, S.: Excavation at Giza 1929-1930, vol. 1, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 1932.
: Excavation at Giza 1930-1931, vol. 2, Cairo (Faculty of Arts of the Egyptian University & Government Press) 1936.
: Excavations at Gîza 1931-1932, vol. 3, Cairo (The Faculty of Arts, Fouad I University) 1941.
: Excavations at Giza 1934-1935, vol. 4/3, Cairo (Faculty of Arts of the Egyptian University & Government Press) 1950.
HELCK, W.: Untersuchungen zu den Beamtentiteln des Ägyptischen Alten Reiches, ÄF 18, Gluckstadt (J.J. Augustin) 1954.
: «Bemerkungen zu den Pyramidenstäden im Alten Reich», MDAIK 15, 1957, 90-111.
HÖLZL, R.: «Rounded-Topped Stelae from the Middle Kingdom to the Late Period. Some Remarks on the Decoration of the Lunettes», in Sesto Congersso Internazionale di Egittologia, vol. 1, Atti, 1992, 285-290.
: «Stelae», The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol. 3, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2001, 319-324.
JONES, D.: An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of The Old Kingdom, vol. 1, Oxford (BAR International Series 866) 2000A.
: An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of the Old Kingdom, vol. 2, Oxford (BAR International Series 866) 2000B.
JUNKER, H.: «The Austrian Excavations, 1914. Excavations of the Vienna Imperial Academy of Sciences of the Pyramids at Gizah», JEA 1/1, 1914,250-253.
: Gîza VIII2, Der Ostabschnitt des Westfriedhofs, Wien (Adolf Holzhausens) 1947.
: Gîza IX, Das Mittelfeld des Westfriedhofs, Wien (Adolf Holzhausens) 1950.
: Gîza IX, Das Mittelfeld des Westfriedhofs, Wien (Adolf Holzhausens) 1950. KARL-MARTIN, G.: «Stele», LÄ 6, Wiesbaden (Harrassowitz Verlag) 1986, 1-6.
KANAWATI, N.: The Egyptian Administration in the Old Kingdom, Warminster (Aris & Phillips) 1977.
ILIN-TOMICH, A.: «Changes in the Htp-dj-nsw Formula in the Late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period», ZÄS 138, 2011, 20-34.
LAPP, G.: Die Opferformel des Alten Reiches, Mainz (Philipp von Zabern) 1986.
LEPROHON, R.J.: «The Offering Formula in the First Intermediate Period», JEA 76, 1990, 163-64.
LEPSUIS, C. R.: Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien, vol. 2, Genéve (Belles-Lettres of Geneva) 1972 [= LD 2.].
MARIETTE, A.: Les Mastaba de AEmpire, Paris (F. Vieweg) 1885.
MONTET, P.: Geographie de lʾÉgypte Ancienne, vol. 1, Paris (Imperimerie Nationale) 1957.
MOUSA, A. M. & ALTENMÜLLER, H.: Das Grab des Nianchchnum und Chnumhotep, AV 21, Mainz (Verlag Philipp von Zabern) 1977. MÜLLER, H. W.: «Die Totendenksteine des Mittleren Reiches, ihre Genesis, ihre Darstellungen und ihre Kompsition», MDAIK 4, 1933, 165-206.
MURRY, M. A.: Index of Names and Titles of The Old kingdom, London (Office of British School of Archaeology) 1908.
PFLÜGER, K.: «The Private Stelae of the Middle Kingdom and Their Importance for the Study of Ancient Egyptian History», JAOS 67/2, 1947, 127-135.
RANKE, H.: Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, vol. 1, Glückstadt (J.J. Augustin) 1935. REGEN, I.: «À Propos des Graphies de jz/js "Tombe"», BIFAO 107, 2007, 171-200
: «À Propos du Sens de qrs "Enterrer"», Verba Manent, Cahiers de l’ENIM 2/2, 2009, 387-399. REISNER, G. A. & FISHER, C. S.: «Preliminary Report on The Work of the Harvard- Boston
Expedition», ASAE 13, 1914, 227-252.
: «The Position of Early Grave Stelae», in: Glanville, S. R. K. (ed.), Studies Presented to F. LL. Griffith, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 1932, 324-331.
: «A Family of Royal Estate Stewards of Dynasty V», BMFA 37 No. 220, April 1937, 29- 35.
: A History of Giza Necropolis, vol. 1, Cambridge (Harvard University Press) 1942. SATZINGER, H.: «Beobachtung zur Opferformel: Theorie und Praxis», LingAeg 5, 1977, 177-188. SCHEELE-SCHWEITZER, K.: Die Personennamen des Alten Reiches. Altägyptische Onomastik unter
Lexikographischen und Sozio-kulturellen Aspekten, Philippika 28, Wiesbaden (Harrassowitz Verlag) 2014.
SETHE, K.: Urkunden der 18. Dynastie, Leipzig (J. C. Hinrichs) 1906 [= Urk 4.].
: Die Altägyptischen Pyramidentexten, 2 vols, Leipzig (J. C. Hinrichs) 1908-1910[= Pyr.].
: Urkunden des Alten Reichs, Leipzig (J. C. Hinrichs) 1933 [= Urk 1.].
SHAW, I., & NICHOLSON, P.: «Stelae», The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, Cairo (British Museum) 2002, 270.
SHIRLEY, J. J.: «The Power of the Elite: The Officials of Hatshepsut's Regency and Coregency», In Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, edited by GALÁN, J. M., Occasional Proceedings of the Theban Workshop, SAOC 69, 2014, 173-245.
SIMPSON, W.: Giza Mastabas, vol. 4/1. Mastabas of the Western Cemetery, Boston (Museum of Fine Arts) Boston, 1980.
SMITH, M.: Following Osiris. Perspective on the Osirian Afterlife from Four Millennia, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2017.
STRUDWICK, N.: The Administration of Egypt in The Old Kingdom. The Highest Titles and Their Holders, London (KPI) 1985.
PIACENTINI, P.: Les Scribes dans la Société Egyptienne de lʾAncien Empire, vol. 1, Études el Mémories dʾÉgyptologie 5, Paris 2002.
PORTER, B. & MOSS, R. L. B.: Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, III2, Saqqara to Dahshur, Oxford (Clarendon Press) 1981. [= PM 32.].
VANDIER, J.: Manuel d’Archéologie Égyptienne, vol. 2/1, Paris (A. et J. Picard) 1954.
WAINWRIGHT, G. A.: «The Formula Htp-di nsw in the Light of Mythology», PSBA 26, 1904, 101-104.
WARD, W. A.: Index of Egyptian Administrative and Religious Titles of The Middle Kingdom, Beirut (American University of Beirut) 1982.
WEEKS, K. R.: Giza Mastabas, vol. 5. Mastabas of Cemetery G 6000, Boston (Boston Museum of Fine Arts) 1994.
WESTENDORF, W.: Ägyptische Darstellungen das Sonnenlaufes der Abschüssigen Himmelsbahn, MÄS 10, Berlin (Hessling Service) 1966.
YOYOTTE, J.: «La Localisation de Ouenkhem», BIFAO 71, 1971, 1-10.
ZIBELIUS, K.: Ägyptische Siedlungen nach Texten des Alten Reiches, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients 19, Wiesbaden (Reichert Services) 1978.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 618 PDF Download: 640 |
||
