EFFECT OF DRYING METHODS ON THE QUALITY OF DRIED TOMATOES | ||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||
| Article 6, Volume 38, Issue 2, April 2021, Pages 155-180 PDF (1.37 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2021.59326.1022 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Reham S. Bakry1; El-Sayed G. Khater* 2; Adel H. Bahnasawy3; Samir A. Ali3 | ||
| 1MSc Stud., Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Benha U., Egypt. | ||
| 2Assoc. Prof., Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Benha U., Egypt. | ||
| 3Prof., Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Benha U., Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different drying the fruits tomato under different drying systems (sun, solar and oven), different chemical treatments (Citric acid 2% and without treatment) and different fruit tomato sizes (half fruit, quarter fruit, fruit strips of 7 mm, fruit strips of 5 mm and fruit strips of 3 mm) on the quality of dried tomato fruits. The results indicate that the accumulated weight loss of fruit tomato for fruit treated by citric acid 2% lower than those the fruit without treatment. The accumulated weight loss of fruit tomato ranged from 2.00 to 94.73 % for all treatment. The highest values moisture content of fruits tomato were 870.08, 839.32, 819.15, 790.73 and 734.88 % d.b. for half fruit, quarter fruit, fruit strips of 7 mm, fruit strips of 5 mm and fruit strips of 3 mm, respectively. The drying rate of fruits tomato ranged from 0.00 to 177.65, 0.00 to 71.03 and 0.001 to 163.36 kgwater/kgdry base.hr for sun drying, solar drying and oven drying systems. The highest value of drying rate of fruits tomato was 177.65 kgwater/kgdry base.hr was found for 7 mm fruit strips with citric acid 2% before drying for sun drying system. The sugar, ash and lycopene contents of fruit tomato for fruit treated by citric acid 2% before drying higher than those the fruit without treatment. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Tomato; sun-drying; solar-drying; oven-drying; moisture content; drying rate | ||
| References | ||
|
Abd El-Haq O.M., Khater E.G., Bahnasawy A.H. and El-Ghobashy H.M.T. (2020). Effect of Distillation Methods on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Basil Dried by Different Drying Systems. Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 52 (2): 247-260.
Abd El-Haq O.M., Khater E.G., Bahnasawy A.H. and El-Ghobashy H.M.T. (2020). Effect of Drying Systems on the Parameters and Quality of Dried Basil. Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, 52 (2): 261-272.
ASAE Standards (1998). ASAE S353 DEC97. Moisture measurement-meat and products. Adopted and published by ASAE 1998, St. Josebh, MI: ASAE. 45th Edition P552.
Bremmer, J. M. and Mulvaney C.S. (1982). Nitrogen-total. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, second ed., Agronomy series No. 9 ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 595–624.
Chapman, H.D. and Partt F.P. (1961). Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plant and Water. California University, pp. 150–200.
Ekechukwu, O.V., and Norton B. (1999). Review of solar-energy drying systems II: an overview of solar drying technology. Energy Conversion and Management, 40(6): 615-655.
Jayathunge, K.G., Kapilarathne R.A., Thilakarathne B.M., Fernando M.D., Palipane K.B. and Prasanna P.H. (2012). Development of a methodology for production of dehydrated tomato powder and study the acceptability of the product. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8(2): 765-773.
Khater, E.G., Bahnasawy A.H. (2017). Basil Drying Performance and Quality under Different Drying Systems.2nd International Sino-Egyptian Congress on Agriculture, Veterinary Sciences and Engineering (2nd ISEC-AVE), 7 – 10 October, 2017, Egypt.
Khater, E.G., Bahnasawy A.H., Hamouda R.M. (2019). Dehydration of chamomile flowers under different drying conditions. Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 10 (7), 1-7.
Liwicki, P.P., Vule H., Pmaranska-Lazuka E. (2002). Effect of pre-treatment on convective drying of tomatoes. Journal of food Engineering, 54, 141 – 146.
Mumba, J. (1995). Development of a photovoltaic powered forced circulation grain dryer for use in the tropics. Renewable Energy, 6(7): 855-862.
Murphy, J. and Riley J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chem. Acta, 27: 31–36.
Sacilik, K., Keskin R., and Elicin A.K. (2006). Mathematical modelling of solar tunnel drying of thin layer organic tomato. Journal of Food Engineering, 73(3): 231-238.
Shahnawaz, M., Sheikh S.A., Soomro A.H., Panhwar A.A., and Khaskheli S.G. (2012). Quality characteristics of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) stored in various wrapping materials, African Journal of Food Science and Technology, 3(5): 123-128.
Vlachos, N.A., Karapantsios T.D., Balouktsis A.I., and Chassapis D. (2002). Design and testing of a new solar tray dryer. Drying Technology, 20(6): 1243-1271.
Zanoni, B., Peri C., Nani R. and Lavelli V. (1999). Oxidative heat damage of tomato halves as affected by drying. Food Research International, 31(5):395–401. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 2,283 PDF Download: 1,221 |
||
