MYCOTOXINS IN FOODS AND FEEDS 1-AFLATOXINS السموم الفطرية فى الأغذية والأعلاف 1-سموم الأفلاتوکسيـن | ||
| Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches | ||
| Article 17, Volume 7.1, Issue 7.1, March 2004, Pages 173-206 PDF (709.48 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/auber.2004.150623 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| ABSTRACT : Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites synthesized by some naturally occurring fungi under suitable physical, chemical and biological factors. High temperature stress, humidity stress and insect damage of the product are major determining factors in mold infestation and toxin production. Mycotoxins contaminated food and feed supplies could increase the economic and health risks to humans and animals. The aflatoxins constitute a group of fungal metabolites that have varied toxic and carcinogenic properties, depending on dose and duration of exposure. The adverse effects of aflatoxins in humans ranged from acute hepatic toxicity to chronic disease such as liver cancer. In animals, the aflatoxins cause liver damage, decreased milk production, reduced reproductively and suppressed immunity in animals consuming low dietary concentrations. In acute toxicity the clinical signs include gastrointestinal dysfunctions, decreased feed intake and efficiency, weight loss, jaundice, drop in milk production, nervous signs, bleeding and death. All species of animals are susceptible to aflatoxicosis. The susceptibility of individual animals to aflatoxicosis varies considerably depending on dose, duration of exposure, species, age, sex and nutrition. In poultry, beside inappetance, weight loss, decreased egg production, leg and bone problems, poor pigmentation, fatty liver, kidney dysfunction, bruising and death, suppression to natural immunity and susceptibility to parasitic, bacterial and viral infections can occur. السموم الفطرية هى مرکبات کيميائية سامة تفرزها أنواع من الفطريات التى تنمو على الأغذية والمنتجات العلفية. تعتبر سموم الافلاتوکسين من أهم السموم الفطرية التى تسبب أضرار مباشرة للإنسان والحيوان بالاضافة الى إمکانية أفرازها فى اللبن والبيض. ويؤدى تعرض الإنسان لسموم الافلاتوکسين الى اضطرابات معوية وأعراض عصبية والتهابات وتليف وتسرطن بالکبد. کما يؤدى تعرض الحيوان لسموم الافلاتوکسين إلى فقد الشهية، نقص إنتاج اللبن واللحم، اضطرابات معوية، ضعف الجهاز المناعى، أعراض عصبية بالإضافة الى الاجهاض والنفوق فى حالة التسمم الحاد. وتعتمد شدة الأعراض على نوع وعمر الحيوان، الجرعة التى تعرض لها الحيوان، ومدة التعرض بالإضافة الى الحالة الغذائية للحيوان. وفى الدجاج يؤدي التعرض للافلاتوکسين إلي ازدياد القابلية للإصابة بالأمراض الطفيلية والبکتيرية والفيروسية نتيجة ضعف الجهاز المناعى، بالإضافة إلى انخفاض معدل إنتاج البيض واللحم وازدياد معدل النفوق. وقد استهدفت هذه الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على الفطريات المفرزة لسموم الأفلاتوکسين والظروف الملائمة لنمو هذه الفطريات على الأغذية والمنتجات العبفية، التمثيل الأقصى لسموم الأفلاتوکسين من ناحية امتصاصها وکيفية إفرازها فى الحيوانات والطيور وکذلک متبقياتها فى اللحوم والألبان والبيض، الأعراض الإکلينيکية والتغيرات الباثولوجية المصاحبة لتعرض الإنسان والحيوان والطيور المختلفة لسموم الأفلاتوکسين وکذلک الحدود المسموح بها بالنسبة لترکيز هذه السموم فى الأغذية والأعلاف حتى يمکن أتباع الإجراءات الوقائية ضد الفطريات المفرزة لها أو التخلص من هذه السموم بالطرق الخاصة بذلک. | ||
| References | ||
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