Effect of Benzoic and Sorbic Acids on Mycotoxins Inhibition in Edible Broad Bean Seeds | ||
| Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches | ||
| Article 6, Volume 19, Issue 3, September 2014, Pages 482-497 PDF (769.12 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research papers | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jalexu.2014.160517 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Nesreen Youssef1; Ibrahim El samra* 2; Ahmed Ibrahim Abdelbary2 | ||
| 1Regional Centre for Food and Feed, Alexandria, Agricultural Researches Centre , Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture, El -Giza, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture(Saba-Bacha), Alexandria University, P. O. Box 21531, Bolkley, Alexandria, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Natural infected broad bean seeds were collected from Noubaria region during the season of 2012-2013. The isolated and purified fungi from these seeds were identified as: Alternaria alternata, Penicilliun citrinum and Aspergillus flavus. Occurrencefrequencies of the isolated fungi were 75.76, 15.16 and 9.08%, respectively. Toxin production potentials of Alternaria alternata and P. citrinum isolates, as estimated by Plug Agar method, were 231.00 and 337.00 µ.g/g, respectively., whereas, A.flavus isolate was unable to produce aflatoxins. Sorbic and benzoic acids were proved to be more effective in reducing fungal growth of A. alternata and P. citrinum than metalaxyl and ridomyl fungicides. A. alternata was less sensitive to sorbic acid than benzoic acid. All the tested treatments, at their MICs, significantly reduced growth of A. alternata growth and alternariol (AOH) production; however, higher efficiency ratio (99.860%) was realized by benzoic acid. Similar inhibition of growth and citrinin (CTN) production was induced by P. citrinum. Metalaxyl was less efficient in inhibiting AOH and CTN than the other tested treatments. Soaking seeds in water significantly raise the efficiency of mycotoxins production in all the tested seed treatments. Moreover, efficiency of benzoic and sorbic acids in reducing AOH and CTN production was higher during soaking process. Seeds inoculated with the tested pathogens, then treated with sorbic or benzoic acid appeared healthy with normal color, texture and morphology. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Mycotoxins inhibition; broadbean seed diseases; Alternaria alternate; Penicillium citrinum; Benzoic acid; Sorbic acid; metalaxyl; Ridomyl | ||
| References | ||
|
Abd-EL-Ghany, T. M. and A. A., Tayel. 2009. Efficacy of certain Agrochemicals application at field raes on soil fungi and their ultrstructures. Research J. of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(2):150-160.
AFSSA (Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments). 2009. Evaluation des risques lies à la presence de mycotoxins dans les chaînes alimentaires humaine et animale. Rapport final, mars 2009, 308 pp.
Asam, A., K. Konitzer and M. Rychlik. 2011. Precise determination of the Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in cereal, fruit and vegetable products using stable isotope dilution assays. Mycotox. Res., 27: 23–28.
Azcarate, M. P., A. Patriarca, L. Terminiello and P. V. Fernández. 2008. Alternaria toxins in wheat during the 2004 to 2005 Argentinean harvest. J. Food Prot., 71: 1262–1265.
Barkai-Golan, R. 2008. Mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables. Barkai-Golan, R., and Paster, N., editor. Elsevier, San Diego; 2008. Alternaria mycotoxins; pp. 86–89 and 185-199.
Bennett, J. W. and M. Klich. 2003. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 16: 497–516.
Boonen, J., S. V. Malysheva, L. Taevernier, D. J. Di Mavungu, S. De Saeger and De B. Spiegeleer. 2012. Human skin penetration of selected model mycotoxins. Toxicology, 30: 21–32.doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.012.
Broggi, L. E., H. H. L. González and S. L. R. Y. Pacin. 2007. Alternaria alternata prevalence in cereal grains and soybean seeds from Entre Rios, Argentina, Reviberoam, Micol., 24: 47-51.
Brzonkalik, K., T. Herrling, C. Syldatk and A. Neumann. 2011. Process development for the elucidation of mycotoxin formation in Alternaria alternata. AMB Express. 2011,pp 1: 27. doi: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-27.
Calvo, A. M., R. A. Wilson, J. Woo Bok and N. P. Keller. 2002. Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 66(3): 447–459.
Christensen, C. M. 1957. Deterioration of stored grains by fungi. Botan. Rev., 23(2): 108-134.
Codex alimentarius commission. 1991. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex alimentarius, commission nineteenth session, Rome, 1–10 July.
Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, Thirty-fourth Session. 2003. Codex Alimentarius Commission/RCP, 51-2003.
Cohen. E. 1981. Metalaxyl for postharvest control of of brown rot of citrus fruit. Plant Disease, 65: 672-675.
Combina, M., A. M. Dalcero and S. Chulze. 1999. Effects of food preservatives on Alternaria alternata growth and tenuazonic acid production. Food Addit. Contam., 16(10):433-437.
Darman, R. D. 2013. Sustainability and effectiveness of artisanal approach to control mycotoxins associated with sorghum grains and sorghum based food in Sahelian Zone of Cameroon. Intech. Chapter 6: 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54789.
Eeckhout, M., S. Ladschoot, N. Deshuyffeleer, S. De Laethauwer and G. Haesaert. 2013. Guidelines for prevention and control of mould growth and mycotoxin production in cereals.Mycohunt, pp 37.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), EFSA Panel on contaminants in the food Chain. 2011. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of Alternaria toxins in feed and food.. EFSA Journal, 9(10): 2407.
El-Wakil, M. A., I. M. El Refai, O. A. Awadalla, M. A. El Metwally and M. S. Mohammed. 2009. Seed-borne pathogens of faba bean in Egypt: detection and pathogenicity. J. of Plant Pathology, 8(3): 90-97.
Elizabeth, M. H. 2008. Exploration of structure and function in biomolecules through solid-state NMR and computational methods. Book, google.com.eg. C.F., phD in the subject of physics. Pp. 119-125. Utah University., U.S.A.Embaby, E. S. M., M. Hazaa, L. F. Hagag, T. E. S. Ibrahim and F. S. Abd El-Azem. 2013. Decay of some citrus fruit quality caused by fungi and their control: II- Control of Alternaria rot or core rot decay by using some alternative fungicides. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(11): 5671-5678.Enyiukwu, D. N., A. N. Awurum and J. A. Nwaneri. 2014. Mycotoxins in stored agricultural products: Implications to food safety and health and prospects of plant-derived pesticides as novel approach to their management. Greener Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2(3): 32- 48.Erich, L. 1980. Sorbates in antimocrobial food additives: characteristics, uses, effects. Translated from German by Grant F. Edwards, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. pp 257.Fandohan, P., D. Zoumenou, D. J. Hounhouigan, W. F. O. Marasas, M. J. Wingfield and Hell, K. 2005. Fate of aflatoxins and fumonisins during the processing of maize into food products in Benin. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 98: 249–259.
FAO. 2014.(http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/home-page/ar/).
FAO.1979. Recommended practice for prevention of mycotoxins in food, feed and their products, Rome, 1979, 4-36
Fox, E. M, and B. J. Howlett,. 2008. Secondary metabolism: Regulation and role in fungal biology. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 11:481–487.
Frisvad, J. C. and C. A. Thrane. 1995. Mycotoxins production by foodborne fungi. In Samson. R.A., Hoekstra, E. S., Frisvad J. C. and Filtenborg, O. (ed.), Introduction to food borne fungi, 4th ed., pp.251-260.
Frisvad, J. C., T. O. Larsen, R. DeVries, M. Meijer, J. Houbraken, F. J. Cabanes, K. Ehrlich and R. A. Samson. 2007. Secondary metabolites profiling, growth profiles and other tools for species recognition and important Aspergillus mycotoxins, SIM, 59: 31-37.
Gordon, R. Y., T. Cooperman, W. Obermeyer and D. J. Becker. 2010. "Marked variability of monacolin levels in commercial red yeast rice products: buyer beware. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(19): 1722–1727. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.382. PMID 20975018.
Guo, L. D., L. Xu, W. Zheng, K. D. Hand Hyde. 2004. Genetic variation of Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus isolated from Pinus tabulaeformis as determined by random amplified microsatellites (RAMS). Fungal Divers, 16:53–65.
Hajjaj, H., A. Klaebe, M. O. Loret, G. Goma, P. J. Blanc and J. Francois. 1999. Biosynthetic pathway of citrinin in the filamentous fungus Monascus ruberas revealed by C13 nuclear magnanetic resonance.Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(1):311-314.
Hansen, H. N. 1926. A simple method of obtaining single spores culture. Science, 64:384.
Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of clinical fungi, 2nd ed., vol. 1. Centraal bureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Imazaki, A., A. Tanaka, Y. Haimoto, M. Yamamoto and K. Akimitsu. 2010. Contribution of peroxisomes to secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in the fungal plant pathogen Alternaria alternata. Eukaryot Cell, 9: 682–694.
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), WHO. 1999. Evaluation of national assessments of intake of benzoates. WHO Food Additives Series No. 42. Geneva: Available from URL. (http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v042je22.htm).
International Programme on Chemical Safety. 2004. Project on the harmonization of approaches to the assessment of risk from exposure to chemicals.
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). 1996. International rules for seed testing. Seed Sci. Technol., 24:1-335.
Javaid, A., A. Ashraf, N. Akhtar, M. Hanif and M. A. Farooq. 2006.Efficacy of some fungicides against seed-borne mycoflora of wheat. Mycopath., 4(1): 45-49
JECFA. 2005. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 2005. summary of evaluations performed by jecfa –benzoic acid. Rome, FAO, Available from URL. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_184.htm
Jouany. J. P. 2007. Methods for preventing, decontaminating and minimizing the toxicity of mycotoxins in feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 137: 342–362.
Kawamura, C., T. Tsujimoto and T. Tsuge. 1999. Targeted disruption of a melanin biosynthesis gene affects conidial development and UV tolerance in the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 12: 59-63. [PubMed].Koffi-Nevry, R., M. Koussémon, W. A. M. Alloue-Boraud and K. Kouassi. 2013. Assessing the microbiological level and the incidence of water-soaking on the proximate composition of two cultivars of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L.) grains grown in Côte d’Ivoire. British Microbiology Research Journal, 3(3): 206-217.
Krisch. J, R. Tserennadmid and C. VágvÖlgyi. 2011. Essential oils against yeasts and moulds causing food spoilage c.f. Science against microbial pathogens: communicating current research and technological advances. A. Méndez-Vilas. (Ed.) ©Formatex 2011, 1135-1142.
Kumura, N. and T. Tsuge. 1993. Gene cluster involved in melanin biosynthesis of the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata. J. Bacteriol., 175: 4427–4435.
Kütt, M. L., H. Lõiveke and R. Tanner. 2010. Detection of alternariol in Estonian grain samples. Agronomy Research., 8 (II): 317–322.
Logrieco, A., A. Moretti and M. Solfrizzo. 2009. Alternaria toxins and plant diseases: an overview of origin, occurrence and risks. World Mycotoxin Journal, 2:129-140.
Mossini, S. A. G. and C. Kemmelmeir. 2008. Inhibition of citrinin production in Penicillium citrinum cultures by neem [Azadirachta indica A.Juss] (Meliaceae). Int.J. Mol. Sci., 9(9):1676-1684.
Mroueh, M., D. Issa, J. Khawand, B. Haraty, A. Malek, Z. Kassaify, and I. Toufeili. 2007. Levels of benzoic and sorbic acid preservatives in commercially produced yoghurt in Lebanon. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 6(1): 62-66.
Pitt, J. I. and A. D. Hocking. 1997. Fungi and food spoilage. New York, Blackie Academic Professional, pp 593.
Ragab, W. S, S. Drusch, F. Schnieder and M. Beyer. 2007. Fate of deoxynivalenol in contaminated wheat grain during preparation of Egyptian 'balila'. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 58(3):169-77.
Riker, A. J. and R. S. Riker. 1936. Introduction to research on plant diseases. John. S. Swift Co. Inc. St. Lovis, Chicago, NewYork.
Saha, D., Fetzner, R., Burkhardt, B., Podlech, J., Metzler, M., Dang, H., Lawrence, C.1, and Fischer, R. (2012). Identification of a polyketide synthase required for alternariol (AOH) and alternariol-9-methyl ether (AME) formation in Alternaria alternata. Plos One 7. Open Access Peer-Reviewed. Research Article. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040564.
Samson, R. A., E. S. Hoekstra, J. C. Frisvad and O. Filtenborg. 1996. Introduction to food-borne fungi (6th edition), central bureau voor schimmel cultures, Baarn, The Netherlands.
Scott, P. M. 2001. Analysis of agricultural commodities and foods For Alternaria mycotoxins. J. of AOAC International, 84: 1809-1817.
Shad, M. A., Z. I. Zafar, H. Nawaz and F. Anwar. 2012. Effect of sorbic acid and some other food preservatives on human serum cholinesterase activity. African J. of Biotechnol., 11(51): 11280-11286.
Simmons E.G. 2007. Alternaria: An identification manual. Centraal bureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, 775 pp.
Singh, S. K., V. Gupta, D. John, V. Padha and V. K. Razdan. 2013. Evaluation of fungicides and biological control agents for integrated management of spot blotch of wheat. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol., 43(1).
Sitara, U. and N. Hasan. 2011. Studies on the efficacy of chemical and non-chemical treatments to control mycoflora associated with chilli seed Pak. J. Bot., 43(1): 95-110.
Sofos, J. N. and F. F. Busta. 1983. Branen and Davidson, eds. Sorbates: Antimicrobials in foods. Previously published in Vineyard & Vintage View, Mountain Grove, MO.
Sofos, J. N. and F. F. Busta. 1993. Sorbic acid and sorbates. In “Antimicrobials in Foods,” ed. P.M. Davidson and A.L. Branen, 2nd ed., pp. 49-94. Marcel Dekker, N.Y.
St. Germain, G. and R. Summerbell. 1996. Identifying filamentous fungi- A Clinical laboratory handbook, 1st ed. Star Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
Takao, M. and K. Takeda. 2003. Benzoic Acid and derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Clin Microbiol Rev., 16(3): 497–516.
Tiwari, K. L., S. K. Jadhav and A. Kumar. 2011. Morphological and molecular study of different Penicillium species. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(2): 203-210.
Tripathi, P. and N. Dubey. 2004. Exploitation of natural products as alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest biology and Technology, 32(3): 235-245.
Uraih, N. and J.R. Chipley. 1976. Effects of various acids and salts on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145. Microbios., 17(67):519.
Uraih, N. and S. Offonry . 1981. Inhibition of aflatoxin production in groundnut with benzoic acid derivatives and possible toxic effect of their aromatic residues. Microbios., 31(124):93-102.
Uraih, N., T. R. Cassity and J. R. Chipley. 1977.Partial characterization of the mode of action of benzoic acid on aflatoxin biosynthesis. Can. J. of Microbiol., 23(11):1508-4.
Walbeek, V., T. Clademenous and F. S. Thatcher. 1969. Influence of refrigeration on Aflatoxins production by strains of Aspergillus flavus. Can. J. Microbiol., T.XV: 629-632.
Whitlow, L. W. and W. M. Hagler. 2013. Mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs – an additional stress factor for Diary cattle, 32 pp. www.cals.ncsu.edu/.../myco~1.pd... Retrieved November 10, 2013. - See more at:http://gjournals.org/GJMA/Publication/2014/July/HTML/0521014241%20Enyiukwu%20et%20al.htm#sthash.oMgrbJGB.dpuf.
WHO (World Health Organization). 2009. Principles and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals in food, international programme on chemical safety, environmental health criteria, pp 240. Chapter (6): Dietary exposure assessment Of chemicals in food. Available from http://www.who.int/ipcs/food/principles/en/index1.html.
Wilson, S. C., T. L. Brasel, C. G. Carriker, G. D. Fortenberry, M. R. Fogle, J. M. Martin, C. Wu, L. A. Andriychuk, E. Karunasena and D. C. Straus. 2004. An investigation into techniques for cleaning mould-contaminated home contents. J. Occup. Environ. Hygiene, 1: 442–447. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 158 PDF Download: 455 |
||
