Growth, Productivity and Water Use of Sunflower Crop Under Drip Irrigation System | ||
| Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches | ||
| Article 1, Volume 20, Issue 3, September 2015, Pages 420-437 PDF (1004.14 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research papers | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jalexu.2015.161550 | ||
| Authors | ||
| AbdAllah Ahmed Kasem1; Gamal AbdElNasser Khalil ElSkhawy2; Mahmoud Gomaa3 | ||
| 1Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Republic of Yemen | ||
| 2Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Dept.Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) - Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGYPT | ||
| 3Plant Production Dept. Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) - Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGYPT | ||
| Abstract | ||
| A field experiment of drip-irrigated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt. The farm is located at Abees region 31˚ 10.102′ N and 29˚ 58.085′ E with altitude of (-5m) under sea level, during 2013 growing season. The aim of the present study was initiated to assess the effect of irrigation regimes under drip irrigation method on sunflower growth, water consumptive use, water use efficiency and yield and yield components. The sunflower variety Sakha 53 was planted sowing date at 28th April. Seeds were sown at 4-5 seeds in each hill with spacing of 0.3 m within each row and 0.6 spacing, then thinned to one plant after 2 weeks from sowing. After emergence, the plots were irrigated by the drip irrigation method. All field practices were done as usually recommended for sunflower cultivation. The present study consisted of 5 treatments. The irrigation treatments were based on replenishment of soil water depletion according to reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The irrigation treatments were: Irrigation at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of ET0. At harvest time (103 days after planting), some morphological characteristics of sunflower were determined such as: plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), head diameter (cm), leaves weight (g), head weight (g), seeds weight/ head (g), 100 seeds weight and yield (ton ha-1), seed oil content(%) and oil yield (ton ha-1). Also, root weight (g), length (cm), width (cm), chlorophyll content and some elemental contents. The results indicated that increasing the amount of irrigation water significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, leaves weight/plant, head weight/plant, seeds weight/ head, 100 seeds weight, seed yield and oil yield. Also, root weight, length and width. The irrigation with 80 or 100% of ET0 has the same significant effect, thus the best irrigation is with 80% of ET0. Also, the value of water use efficiency of sunflower was decreased with increasing the amount of applied water. The increase in sunflower yield was due to both increase in yield content and oil yield in which sunflower yield was adversely affected by water deficit. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| sunflower; irrigation regime; water use efficiency; sunflower yield; root growth | ||
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