Stela of Rekhkemasaankh in the Grand Egyptian Museum

[1] My deepest thanks and gratitude to Dr. T.S Tawfik, former Director of the Grand Egyptian Museum for permission to publish these pieces and for providing me with study facilities  in the Museum.

[1] As a  certain feature attested in the lunette since the middle Kingdome stelae see for example the stela of Renpif the keeper of the seal, Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae in the British Museum, London, 1912,  II, PL.39; III, Pls. 28. Hodjash, S.& Berlev, O., Several Middle Kingdome stelae of Moscow fine Arts Museum, Berlin Vol. 3, 1975, p.6. See for more parallels Gayet, Musee du Louvre. Steles de la Xlle dynastie, Bibliotheque de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes; 68e fascicule. Paris, 1889. Müller,  H. W, Die Totendenksteine des Mittlern Reiches: ihre Genesis,ihre Darstellungen und ihre Komosition, MDAIK 4 (1933), 195-199.  As permanent motifs in the New Kingdome stelae see, Hayes, W., The Scepter of Egypt, Cambridge, 1959, II, p.161.  Lacau, Steles du Novel Empire in CGC, 1909, I, Pls. IV 34004l XIII, 34024.

[1] It important to note that one of them has a rope around his neck while the other one is portrayed without. For the jackal figures see  Ischlondsky, N.D., “A Peculiar Representation of the Jackal-God Anubis”, JARCE   25  (1966), Pp.17-26.  Tawfik, S., A Wab priest Stela from Heliopolis, GM 29 (1978), Pp.133-137 

[1] See Daumas, F. (ed) ; Valeurs Phonetiques de Signes hieroglyphiques  d'Epoque Greeo- Romains, I, Montpellier  , 1988, p.54; Lietz, ch., Zeichenlist., p.154.

[1] See Wb, V, 64, 8. Wilson, P.,  A Ptolemaic Lexikon, A Lexicogaphical study of the Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Leuven,1997, p.1067.

[1] Daumas, F. (ed); Valeurs Phonetiques de Signes hieroglyphiques, I, p.84; Fairman, H., Notes on the Alphabetic Signs employed in the Hieroglyphic Inscriptions of Temple of Edfou,  ASAE, 43 (1943). P.213.

[1] For this reading see, Fairman, W., An Introduction to the Study of Ptolemaic Signs and their Values, 43 (1945), p. 116.

[1] Not listed in Ranke, Die ägyptischen Personennamen.or  Demotisches Namenbuch.

[1] Her name means  “the head lady of al”,  A somewhat similar expression is used today in colloquial Arabic as: “ست الکل”.

[1] Wb, III, 186, 6. See for example the lintel of the Ny-ankh-Re Mastaba at Giza,  Hassan,S., Excavations at  Giza, Cairo, 1943, IV, p. 155.

[1] Wb, 359(5); see for example El-Sayed, R., A propos de l'activité d'un fonctionnaire du temps de Psammétique I à Karnak d'après la stèle du Caire, BIFAO, 78(1978), p.461-768; Abdalla, A., Two Wooden Stelae of the Early Saite Epoch in the Cairo Museum GM 99 (1987), p.10. Ockinga. A., Statuette of Osiris the Protector of the Majordomo Padihorresnet, GM 98 (1987), p.78.

[1] Tawfik, S., GM, 29 (1978), p.134. 

[1] Some statues preserved in the Asmolean Museum shows basically a combination of the attributes  of Osiris and Atum, see Baines, A., Bronze Statuette of Atum, JEA 56 (1970), p.136.

[1] Selim. H., Three identical stelae from the end of the 12^th or 13^th Dynasty,  SAK, 29, (2001), p.326. See Also Müller. A.,  MDAIK, 4 (1933), p.187.

[1] Wilson, P.,  A Ptolemaic Lexikon,  p.453.

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead or going forth by day, saoc 37, Chicago, 1974, spell 151b. 183a.

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 182s.

[1] Wilson, P., A Ptolemaic Lexikon, p.418.

[1] Bonnet, H., Die Loibation ein Fruchbarkeitritus, MADIK 14 (1956) p. 16; Lucas, A., Cosmetics, Perfumes and Incense in Ancient Egypt, JEA 16 (1930), PP, 41-6. For the concept that it comes forth from Osiris see, PT, 848; Griffiths, J. G.,  The Origins of Osiris, MAS 9 (1966),p. 100, or from Nun see CT. VI. Spell, 714; Mcbide, D.R.,  “Nun” in: Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, II, p.557. or by Isis see Derchain, Ph,  Le Pleurs d’ Isis et La Crue du Nile, CdE, XLV (1970) Pp.82-284; Dendera, II, 121, 257 (13-14); Budge W.,  From Fetish to God in Ancient Egypt,  Oxford 1934, p. 236; Munster,  M., Munster, M., Unterschungen zur Gotten Isis von Alten Reich bis zum   Ende des Neuen Reihes, MÄS 2 (1968), p.78.

[1] Gauthier, H., Dictionnaire des noms géographiques contenus dans les textes hiéroglyphiques, V, 36. Dd Itm  as a variant of it’s name see Montet, P., Géographie de l’Égypte ancienne, Paris, 1961, II, 157.

[1] PT. 1046b.

[1] Wb, 82(12).

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 8b

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 17.

[1] Wilson, P.,  A Ptolemaic Lexikon, 1030. See Wb. IV 537 (13); Urk, VIII, 56. See for more about this altar:  Munro, P., Brothalften und Schilf-Blatter, G.M , 5 (1973), Pp.13-14.; Nelson, H., Certain Reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu and the Ritual of Aminophis I, JNES, 8 (1949), PL.V; Junker, H., Giza, VI, Leipzig-Wien, 1951, p.47.; Habachi, L., King Nebhetpre Menthuhotephis Monuments, place in History Deification and unsual Representations in the form of Gods, MDIAK, 19 (1963), Pp.16-52.

[1] Wb. III 226 (11-19); Wilson, P.,  A Ptolemaic Lexikon, 703.

[1] Wilson, P.,  A Ptolemaic Lexikon, 399.

[1] See for example P. Der Manuelian and Ch. E. Loeben, “New light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut and Thutmose in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston”, JEA 79 (1993), p.149.

[1] See for example Giveon, R., A Late Egyptian Statue from the Eastern Delta, JARCE, 12 (1975),  19-21.

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 59, s.

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 92, 3.

^[1] See about these confusions, Martin, S., Judgment after Death (Negative Confession), UEE, 2008; Colleen, M., The judgment hall of Osiris in the Book of Gates. Revue d'Égyptologie 57, 2006), pp. 109 – 150; Budge W., The Book of the Dead. Gramercy, 1995-01-23. pp. 576–582; Gibson, C, The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt (Saraband, 2009). ; Pinch, G, Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press, 2004.

[1] FCD, 161. See also Lesko, LED, I, 295.

[1] Wb, III, 13 (13-18).

[1] See Edfou, II, 163, 15.

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 17, 7.

[1] Allen, T. G., The Book of the Dead, 17, 8.