Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Al- TiC Nanocomposite Processed via Ball Milling Technique | ||
| International Journal of Materials Technology and Innovation | ||
| Article 4, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2021, Pages 18-29 PDF (1.17 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijmti.2021.181109 | ||
| Authors | ||
| F. S. Hamid* 1; A. EL-Nikhaily1; H. Abd Ellatif2; O. A. Elkady3 | ||
| 1Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez, Egypt. | ||
| 2Metallurgical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering, Suez University, Egypt. | ||
| 3Head of powder technology division- Manufacturing technology department - CMRDI | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Al-TiC nanocomposites are prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The effect of milling time and TiC percent on the mechanical properties and microstructure are studied. Nano TiC powders with 5, 10, and 20 wt. % is added to the Al matrix. The mixed powders are mechanically milled by a 35:1 ball to powder ratio and 110 rpm for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. milling time (MT). Mixed powders are compacted by a uniaxial press under 600 Mpa and sintered at 600 °C for 1 hr. in a vacuum furnace. According to Archimedes’ principle, the density was estimated, which indicated it is decreasing for 6 hr. milling time, followed by an increase for 12 and 24 hrs., then another decreasing for 48 hrs. The addition of nano TiC increases the density values gradually by increasing its percent. Both the phase composition and microstructure of both composite powders and sintered samples are examined using XRD & FE-SEM, respectively. XRD results indicated forming the aluminum carbide (Al4C3) phase that is formed during the sintering process. The microstructure shows the homogeneous distribution of TiC on the Al matrix and the reduction of Al particle size by increasing both milling time and TiC percent. Hardness, compression strength, and wear resistance are improved by increasing TiC content and MT up to 24 hours. Al-20 wt. % TiC composite with 24 hr. milling time exhibited the highest hardness (196.5667 HV) and the lowest wear rate (0.001 g/min). | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Al-TiC; Mechanical milling; Hardness; Compression; Wear rate | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] V. Yadav, Spark plasma sintering of aluminum matrix composites, ProQuest Diss. Theses. (2011) 107. http://search.proquest.com/docview/899269038?accountid=27795.
[2] K.A. Khalil, E.S.M. Sherif, A.M. Nabawy, H.S. Abdo, W.W. Marzouk, H.F. Alharbi, Titanium carbide nanofibers-reinforced aluminum compacts, a new strategy to enhance mechanical properties, Materials (Basel), 9 (2016) 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050399.
[3] M. A. Ibrahim,Y. Sahin, A. Y. Gidado, M. T. Said, Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composite Including SiC/Al2O3 by Powder Metallurgy-A Review, (GSJ, ISSN 2320-9186) , 7 (2019) 23–38. https://doi.org/212464700.
[4] S. Mallik, N. Ekere, C. Best, R. Bhatti, Investigation of thermal management materials for automotive electronic control units, Appl. Therm. Eng. 31 (2011) 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.09.023.
[5] I. Montealegre Melendez, E. Neubauer, P. Angerer, H. Danninger, J.M. Torralba, Influence of nano-reinforcements on the mechanical properties and microstructure of titanium matrix composites, Compos. Sci. Technol. 71 (2011) 1154–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.04.005.
[6] A. Fathy, O. El-Kady, M.M.M. Mohammed, Effect of iron addition on microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of Al-matrix composite produced by powder metallurgy route, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (English Ed. 25 (2015) 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63577-4.
[7] O.A. Elkady, S.A. Abolkassem, A.H. Elsayed, W.A. Hussein, K.F.A. Hussein, Microwave absorbing efficiency of Al matrix composite reinforced with nano-Ni/SiC particles, Results Phys. 12 (2019) 687–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.095.
[8] Y. Liu, Z. Yang, B. Tian, Y. Zhang, Z. Gu, A.A. Volinsky, Hot Deformation Behavior of the 20 vol.% TiC/Cu-Al2O3 Composites, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 27 (2018) 4791–4798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3586-1.
[9] C. Magnus, W.M. Rainforth, Spark plasma sintering (SPS) synthesis and tribological behaviour of MAX phase composite of the family Tin+1SiCn (n = 2), Wear. 438–439 (2019) 203062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.203062.
[10] M. Aktar Zahid Sohag, P. Gupta, N. Kondal, D. Kumar, N. Singh, A. Jamwal, Effect of ceramic reinforcement on the microstructural, mechanical and tribological behavior of Al-Cu alloy metal matrix composite, Mater. Today Proc. 21 (2020) 1407–1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.179.
[11] R.A. Khosroshahi, N. Nemati, M. Emamy, N. Parvini, A. Zolriasatein, Investigation of wear properties of Al-4.5wt.%Cu nano-composite reinforced with different weight percent of TiC nano particles produced by mechanical alloying, Adv. Mater. Res. 545 (2012) 124–128. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.545.124.
[12] M. Asif, K. Chandra, P.S. Misra, Development of Aluminium Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for Heavy Duty Applications, J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 10 (2011) 1337–1344. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2011.1014105.
[13] I. Topcu, H.O. Gulsoy, N. Kadioglu, A.N. Gulluoglu, Processing and mechanical properties of B4C reinforced Al matrix composites, J. Alloys Compd. 482 (2009) 516–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.065.
[14] I.Y. Kim, B.J. Choi, Y.J. Kim, Y.Z. Lee, Friction and wear behavior of titanium matrix (TiB+TiC) composites, Wear. 271 (2011) 1962–1965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.072.
[15] I. Solodkyi, O. Bezdorozhev, P. Loboda, High electrical conductive copper matrix composites reinforced with LaB6–TiB2 eutectic particles, Vacuum. 177 (2020) 109407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109407.
[16] A.R. Kennedy, S.M. Wyatt, Characterizing particle-matrix interfacial bonding in particulate Al-TiC MMCs produced by different methods, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 32 (2001) 555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00052-X.
[17] A.E. Karantzalis, S. Wyatt, A.R. Kennedy, The mechanical properties of Al-TiC metal matrix composites fabricated by a flux-casting technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 237 (1997) 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00290-6.
[18] S. Solay Anand, B. Mohan, Enhanced hardness property in the development of Al-TiC composites through P/M techniques, Adv. Mater. Res. 548 (2012) 243–249. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.548.243.
[19] X.C. Tong, A.K. Ghosh, Fabrication of in situ TiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites, J. Mater. Sci. 36 (2001) 4059–4069. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017946927566.
[20] A. Canakci, S. Ozsahin, T. Varol, Prediction of Effect of Reinforcement Size and Volume Fraction on the Abrasive Wear Behavior of AA2014/B4Cp MMCs Using Artificial Neural Network, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39 (2014) 6351–6361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1157-9.
[21] J.B. Fogagnolo, M.H. Robert, J.M. Torralba, Mechanically alloyed AlN particle-reinforced Al-6061 matrix composites: Powder processing, consolidation and mechanical strength and hardness of the as-extruded materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 426 (2006) 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.074.
[22] R. Senthilkumar, N. Arunkumar, M. Manzoor Hussian, Effects of Micro and Nano-Size Al2O3 Particle Reinforcement on Mechanical Behaviour of Extruded Aluminum Alloy Matrix Composite, Appl. Mech. Mater. 787 (2015) 617–621. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.617.
[23] N. Raghavendra, V.S. Ramamurthy, Effect of Particle Size and Weight Fraction of Alumina Reinforcement on Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3 (2014) 11191–11198.
[24] A. Azimi, A. Shokuhfar, O. Nejadseyfi, H. Fallahdoost, S. Salehi, Optimizing consolidation behavior of Al 7068-TiC nanocomposites using Taguchi statistical analysis, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (English Ed. 25 (2015) 2499–2508. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63868-7.
[25] L. Van Duong, N. Van Luan, N. Ngoc Anh, T. Bao Trung, L. Danh Chung, N. Quang Huan, D. Thi Nhung, P. Ngoc Minh, D. Dinh Phuong, P. Van Trinh, Enhanced mechanical properties and wear resistance of cold-rolled carbon nanotubes reinforced copper matrix composites, Mater. Res. Express. 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab69c1.
[26] K.L. Firestein, S. Corthay, A.E. Steinman, A.T. Matveev, A.M. Kovalskii, I. V. Sukhorukova, D. Golberg, D. V. Shtansky, High-strength aluminum-based composites reinforced with BN, AlB2 and AlN particles fabricated via reactive spark plasma sintering of Al-BN powder mixtures, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 681 (2017) 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.11.011.
[27] A. Canakci, T. Varol, A novel method for the production of metal powders without conventional atomization process, J. Clean. Prod. 99 (2015) 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.090.
[28] M.Z. Mehrizi, R. Beygi, G. Eisaabadi, Synthesis of Al/TiC-Al2O3 nanocomposite by mechanical alloying and subsequent heat treatment, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 8895–8899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.02.144.
[29] A. Kumar, M.K. Chowrasia, U. Banerjee, M.K. Banerjee, Enhancing structural stability and physical properties of silver added iron-MWCNT composite prepared by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering, Diam. Relat. Mater. 111 (2021) 108228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.108228.
[30] Y. Zhang, Q. Wang, C.S. Ramachandran, Synthesis of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composite powder (CNT-Al) by polymer pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition (PP-CVD) coupled high energy ball milling (HEBM) process, Diam. Relat. Mater. 104 (2020) 107748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107748.
[31] S. Suwanboon, P. Amornpitoksuk, A. Haidoux, J.C. Tedenac, Structural and optical properties of undoped and aluminium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles via precipitation method at low temperature, J. Alloys Compd., 462 (2008) 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.048.
[32] H. Fallahdoost, A. Nouri, A. Azimi, Dual functions of TiC nanoparticles on tribological performance of Al/graphite composites, J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 93 (2016) 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2016.02.020.
[33] A. Nazarov, V.A. Safronov, R.S. Khmyrov, I. Shishkovsky, Fabrication of Gradient Structures in the Ni - Al System via SLM Process, Procedia IUTAM. 23 (2017) 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2017.06.017.
[34] V. Oliveira, R. Colaço, R. Vilar, Simulation of KrF laser ablation of Al2O3–TiC, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253 (2007) 7585–7590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.03.070.
[35] S. Hashimoto, A. Yamaguchi, M. Koshino, Fabrication and characterization of TiC/Al composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 265 (1999) 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00005-2.
[36] C. Suryanarayana, Mechanical alloying and milling, Prog. Mater. Sci. 46 (2001) 1–184.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9.
[37] C. Dos Santos Torres, L. Schaeffer, Effect of high energy milling on the microstruture and properties of Wc-Ni composite, Mater. Res. 13 (2010) 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392010000300004.
[38] Z. Liu, Q. Han, J. Li, A developed method for producing in situ TiC/Al composites by using quick preheating treatment and ultrasonic vibration, Compos. Part B Eng. 43 (2012) 2429–2433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.004.
[39] V. Ramakoteswara Rao, N. Ramanaiah, M.M.M. Sarcar, Dry sliding wear behavior of TiC -AA7075 metal matrix composites, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 14 (2016) 27–37. https://doi.org/10.6703/IJASE.2016.14(1).27.
[40] M. Ali, S. Falih, Synthesis and characterization of aluminum composites materials reinforced with TiC nano- particles, Jordan J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 8 (2014) 257–264.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 458 PDF Download: 559 |
||
