Hammam, M., Abdel Gawad, M., Ruan, W., El-bahrawy, A. (2021). Management of Pests and Pathogens Affecting Citrus Yield in Egypt with Special Emphasis on Nematodes. test, 20(2), 64-84. doi: 10.21608/ejaj.2021.183231
Mostafa Hammam; Mahfouz Abdel Gawad; Weibin Ruan; Ahmed El-bahrawy. "Management of Pests and Pathogens Affecting Citrus Yield in Egypt with Special Emphasis on Nematodes". test, 20, 2, 2021, 64-84. doi: 10.21608/ejaj.2021.183231
Hammam, M., Abdel Gawad, M., Ruan, W., El-bahrawy, A. (2021). 'Management of Pests and Pathogens Affecting Citrus Yield in Egypt with Special Emphasis on Nematodes', test, 20(2), pp. 64-84. doi: 10.21608/ejaj.2021.183231
Hammam, M., Abdel Gawad, M., Ruan, W., El-bahrawy, A. Management of Pests and Pathogens Affecting Citrus Yield in Egypt with Special Emphasis on Nematodes. test, 2021; 20(2): 64-84. doi: 10.21608/ejaj.2021.183231

Management of Pests and Pathogens Affecting Citrus Yield in Egypt with Special Emphasis on Nematodes

Egyptian Journal of Agronematology
Article 2, Volume 20, Issue 2, July 2021, Pages 64-84    PDF (351.25 K)
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejaj.2021.183231
Authors
Mostafa Hammam1; Mahfouz Abdel Gawad* 2; Weibin Ruan3; Ahmed El-bahrawy4
1Plant Pathology Dept., National Research Centre,Giza,Egypt
2Plant Pathology Dept., National Research Centre
3College Life Science, Nankai Univ., Tianjin 30071, China
4Inst.Sustainable Plant Prot., National Council Research, Bari, Italy.
Abstract
Although citriculture ranks high in Egypt as a superior orange producer and exporter country, citrus yield should be further optimized viamanagement of pests and pathogens that adversely affect citrus orchards. We throw light on the various groups of these citrus-damaging organisms to alarm for the significance of adopting adequate programs for their control. As many plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) species in Egypt and abroad; all but one, the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans, of which are of limited distribution, this species was addressed herein in details. The citrus nematode could significantly reduce lemon yield. Before nematicidal application, growers and stakeholders should adopt strict quarantine and seedling certification programs, consider the limiting factor principle, and use appropriate nematode sampling and extraction methods. Moreover, bionematicides should be earnestly tried among other PPN management options in order to avoid human health hazards and attain pollution-free environment. Yet, holistic management should include not only nematodes but also other pests and pathogens of citrus in Egypt. We highlighted general production practices that should adequately tackle relevant citrus problems.
 

 
Keywords
Citrus pests and pathogens; Nematode management; Production practices; Yield loss
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