REDUCTION OF TRIHALOMETHANE PRECURSORS USING ENHANCED COAGULATION | ||
| Journal of Environmental Science | ||
| Article 5, Volume 49, Issue 8, August 2020, Pages 91-116 PDF (505.74 K) | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jes.2020.193388 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Reham A. Abo Bakr1; Mostafa M. Khalil2; Nabil A. Abdullah3 | ||
| 1Egyptian Holding Company for Water and Wastewater | ||
| 2Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University | ||
| 3Aluminum Sulfate Company of Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Jar tests were conducted to simulate the conventional processes of water treatment. Enhanced coagulation used the traditional alum that is already applied in water treatment in Egypt, with a comparison with ferric chloride and mixture of alum and ferric chloride, the strategy of enhanced treatment adopted mainly organic matter and THMs beside turbidity, so the doses of coagulant were increased to achieve better removal of THMs which have an health issue. Conventional treatment processes including addition of aluminum sulphate or ferric chloride to the raw water followed by coagulation, sedimentation and rapid sand filtration are important step in water purification. They reduced the organic matter to about 42% and THMs to 37 using the baseline dose (25 mg/l). The enhanced coagulation process by increasing the dose of alum reduced the total organic carbon and THMs to 57 % and 54 % respectively. Using of ferric chloride at a baseline dose reduced TOC and THMs by 40 % and 36% respectively, while enhanced coagulation by increasing the dose of ferric chloride (at a dose of 35 mg/l) raised up the removal of TOC and THMs to 47 % and 44% respectively. The dual coagulant of alum and ferric chloride achieved 47% removal of TOC and 36% for THMs at a dosage of 25 mg/l, while the enhanced coagulation by increasing the dose of duel coagulant of alum and ferric chloride (35 mg/l) raising up the removal of TOC to 61% and THMs to 50%. The advantageous of the dual coagulant is higher reduction of residual aluminum and THMs, this attributed to the enhancement of flocculation which create activated adsorption sites of flocs surfaces. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Key words: Water; Water treatment; Coagulation; TOC; THMs | ||
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