Assessment of Ocimum basilicum Extracts on Schistosoma mansoni Infected Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails and Mice | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries | ||
| Article 15, Volume 25, Issue 5, September and October 2021, Pages 253-271 PDF (784.37 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2021.198598 | ||
| Author | ||
| Hanan S. Mossalem et al. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide despite the conventional drug praziquantel and molluscicides. The quest for a free-toxic clinical treatment and friendly environmental and molluscicide has intensified. In this study, the compositions of African Ocimum basilicum plant extracts were prepared and analyzed. Then, their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-schistosomiasis impacts were studied. The constituents of O. basilicum essential oil and ethanol extract were analyzed by the HPLC and GS/MS techniques, respectively. DPPH and SRB assays were applied to test the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the two extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of both extracts on Schistosoma mansoni-infected B. alexandrina snails and mice was examined. The results demonstrated that the ethanol extract has fourteen compounds with different concentrations: Caffeic acid (553.46 mg) is the highest concentration, and carnosic acid (79.14 mg) is the lowest. However, the essential oil analysis revealed more components (n=25) with the highest content due to linalool (21.52%), and the lowest is phytol acetate (8%). Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to O. basilicum extracts (50 ppm, each) showed a significant (P<0.001) decrease in the infection rates (35% and 21%, respectively) and an increase in the survival rates (95% and 96%, respectively) compared to the untreated, infected snails (85% and 95, respectively). The administration of mice with the mono O. basilicum extracts significantly reduced the worm burden, egg loads, and intact eggs in favor of the essential oil. Interestingly, our study demonstrated more fibro-cellular hepatic granulomas in the mice treated with the ethanol extract than in mice treated with the essential oil. In conclusion, our data is suggesting a promising anthelminthic and antioxidant herb. Further investigations are to be considered to examine the effectiveness of O. basilicum extracts in combination with praziquantel. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Ocimum basilicum; antioxidants; anti-schistosomiasis; Biomphalria alexandrina | ||
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