DEVELOPING RICE VARIETIES THROUGH INNOVATIVE BREEDING | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research | ||
| Article 22, Volume 86, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 1433-1445 PDF (2.75 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejar.2008.209845 | ||
| Author | ||
| ABDEL-SALAM E. DRAZ | ||
| Rice Breeder and Geneticist, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Sustainable agriculture is the main challenge of the future. Food supptes will have to be more than double by 2025 to ensure sufficient quantity and quality, to meet the increase In population rate and demand. Maximization of yield per unit area is the main target of rice breeders in Egypt Fortunately, the breeders have developed the highest grain yield rice varieties but in order to face high population rate, the three main strategies are needed i.e. improvement of saline soil productivity, utilization of hybrid rice technology, full utilization of all technologies in rice production including modem biotechnology vall play a declstve role in increasing yield to maintain sustainable local self-Sufficiency In food for the coming generations. Rice biotechnology is becoming increasingly important as a tool for developing varieties with multiple resistance to pests and diseases, those which can use soil nutrients more efficiently, tolerate adverse soil stresses and are tailored for multiple cropping and high yield production per day. Many areas of biotechnology proved their potentiality in rice breeding such as tissue culture, haploid culture, embryo culture and rescue, genomic analysis, transformation through deistic and Agrobactetium. gene tagging, marker assisted selection Or molecular breeding and gene pyramiding, structural and functional genomics. In Egypt, tissue culture especially anther culture technology gave a good promise for developing high grain yield Ines, resistant to both blast and gem borer, these lines are: SIC 101/1R 65829 (10.40 Ltha),SK 101/Alciyutalra (9.75 Ow), Saltha 101/G25990f/ Salde 101 (10.60 Wm). Moreover, salt-tolerant double haploid lines were developed 1.e, SK 101,lied 30//SIC 101, SK 101/G2 5844/fIR 65600-96, GZ 1368-S-S-4/04A6182//Salcha, 101 these lines can tolerate up to 10 d5/m. Low amylose content and high tolerance to salinity were combined together in the background of the line AC 1225 (GZ 1368-54/Milyang 49). Moreover, this line had an allelopathic activity against Cypetzrs difformis and Echintxthloa Some of the developed AC lines were highly resistant to stem borers. On the other hand, a total of 271 PGMS lines were selected through AC technique to be utilized in hybrid rice production. Regarding molecular markers techniques and their applicability in rice breeding , protein and isozyme meters were practiced for discriminating among cukivars mainly for salinity and drought. More work Is needed to widen the ublization of different molecular markers techniques in Egyptian rice breeding program. | ||
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