قراءة في أيديولوجية النخبة في ضوء فسيفساء ولاية بريطانية الرومانية خلال القرن الرابع الميلادي

ثبت المصادر والمراجع:

أولاً: المراجع العربية:  

-   الناصري، سيد أحمد،  تاريخ الإمبراطورية الرومانية السياسي والحضاري، ط.2، بيروت:دار النهضة العربية، 1991م.

-   بارندر، جفري، المعتقدات الدينية لدى الشعوب، ترجمة: عبد الفتاح، إمام ومکاوي، عبدالغفار، عالم المعرفة، 1993م.

-   خميس، إبراهيم و عبد الوهاب حسن، معالم التاريخ البيزنطي (السياسي والحضاري)، دار المعرفة الجامعية، 2003م. 

-   سعيد، عزيزة، التصوير الموزايکو-الاستکو في الفن الروماني، الإسکندرية، 2000م.

-   عابدين، ياسر وفاکوش، عقبة، فيتروفيوس الکتب العشرة في العمارة" الکتاب السادس، المنازل الخاصة، جامعة دمشق، 1997م.

-   عبد البديع، مدحت، "الخلق الروماني في ضوء شخصية إينياس في ملحمة الإنيادة لفيرجيليوس"، المؤتمر الدولي السابع، مرکز الدراسات البردية والنقوش، ع.3، 2016م، 473-495.

-   کرم، يوسف، تاريخ الفلسفة اليونانية، دار العلم العربي، ط.2، 2012م.

-   حسين، نورا،" أشکال الطيور والحيوانات في الفن القبطي وتأثيرها على نظائرها في الفنون الفاطمية"، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، کلية الآداب/ جامعة عين شمس، 2015 م.

ثانياً: المراجع الأجنبية:

-    Adounvo, G ., Neptune and the Seasons, McMaster University, 1991.

-    BARRAT, A.: « Knowledge of the Literary Classics in Roman Britain », Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Britannia  9 , N^o. 2, 1978, 307-313.

-    BARRY, M., Becoming Consumers: Looking beyond Wealth as an Explanation for Villa Variability. Perspectives from the East of England, University of Durham Department of Archaeology, 2004.

-    BENARIOM, H.: « Vergil in Britannia », The Vergilian Society, Vergilius 24, 1978.

-    BERDEGUER, C.& EDWARDS, R., Brian Hamilton, Historical Evolution of Roman: Gladiatorial Arms and Armors 300 B.C. - 450 A.D., The Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2014.

-    COOKSON, N.: «The Christian Church in Roman Britain», A Synthesis of Archaeology, World Archaeology 18, N^o. 3, 1987, 426 -433.

-    COOL, H., Eating and Drinking in Roman Britain, Cambridge, 2006.

-    COSH, S.: «The Lullingstone Mosaic Inscription — A Parody of Martial?, Britannia » , Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 47,  2016.

-    EDWIN, H., The Britons in Late Antiquity, Power, Identity and Ethnicity, Bangor University, 2014.

-    ESPOSITO, A.: « A Context for Roman Priestly Regalia: Depositional Practices and Spatial Distribution of Assemblages from Roman Britain », Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Leicester, 2015, 92-110.

-    FAGON, G., The History of Ancient Rome , University of Michigan, 1999.

-    FERRABY, R. Johnson, Millett, & Wallace, eds, Thwing, Rudston and the Roman-Period Exploitation of the Yorkshire Wolds, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 2017.

-    FERRIS, I., Visions of the Roman North Art and Identity in Northern Roman Britain, Oxford, 2021.

-    FLAMMER, B., Commandeering a Symbol of God: Reevaluating the Use of the Chi-Rho in Roman Britain as a Sign of Imperial, Queen’s University Kingston, 2020.

-    FULFORD, M., Lullingstone Roman Villa, English Heritage, 2003.

-    CLARKE, G. RIGBY, V. & SHEPHERD, J.: « The Roman Villa at Woodchester », Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 13, N^o. 2, 1982, 197-228.

-    GRAVES, R.,Greek Gods and Heroes: For Young Readers, Rosetta Books, 1961.

-    GRIGGS, W.: « Early British Christianity », Brigham Young University Studies 29, N^o.1, 1989, 47-65.

-    HEING, M., Religion in Roman Britain London, London, 1984.

-    HURST, H., Vision of Rome in 4^th Century Gloucestershire, Archaeological Society, 2012.

-    HUSTWIT, E., The Britons in Late Antiquity, Power, Identity and Ethnicity, Bangor University, 2014.

-    JANKA, D., The Prevalence of Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 410, London, 2003.

-    KNIGHT, K., Roman Britain, Roman in Britain: Cultural Integration and Integrity in the Age of Empire, Tulane University, 2016.

-    KOENRAAD, V., Friendship among Romans, The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World, Ghent University, 2011.

-    KONDOLEON, C.: «Timing Spectacles: Roman Domestic Art and Performance », Studies in the History of Art 56, 1999, 320-341.

-    KONDOLEONM, K.: «Timing Spectacles: Roman Domestic Art and Performance », Studies in the History of Art 56, N^o. XXXIV, 1999, 337-344.

-    LING, R.: « The Seasons in Romano-British Mosaic Pavements, Britannia», Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 14, 1983, 13-22.

-    ………….., «Brantingham and York: A New Look at Some Fourth-Century Mosaics», Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Britannia 22, 1991, 147-157.

-    ………………, The Art of Roman Britain, London, 1995.

-    …………………., « Mosaics in Roman Britain: Discoveries and Research since 1945 », Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Britannia 28, 1997, 259-295.

-    MATTINGLY, D., An Imperial Possession: Britain in the Roman Empire, London: Penguin Books, 2006.

-    MERCURI, E., Romanization through Mosaics: Transition at Fishborne and Colchester, City University of New York, 2019.

-    MILLETT, M. The Romanization of Britain: An Essay in Archaeological Interpretation, Cambridge, 1990.

-    NEAL, D., Roman Mosaics in Britain, London, 1981.

-    NEAL, D.: « Excavations on the Roman Villa at Beadlam, Yorkshire », Archaeological Society, Roman Antiquities 1, N^o. 4, 1996.            

-    NEIBUHR, G., The History of Rome, VOL.1, Philadelphia, 1902.

-    PAINTER, K.: «The Lullingstone Wall-Plaster: An Aspect of Christianity in Roman Britain », The British Museum Quarterly 33, 1969, 131-150.

-    PERRING, D., The Roman House in Britain, London, 2002.

-    PERRINGM D.: « In Fourth-Century Britain: The Frampton Mosaics Reconsidered », Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Britannia,34, 2003, 97-129.

-    ROGERS, D.: «Water Culture in Roman Society », American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2018, 1-118.

-    ROUCEK, J. S .: «A History of the Concept of Ideology », Journal of the History of Ideas 5, N^o. 4, 1944, 479- 488.

-    SCOTT, P., Roman Villas in North England, Oxford, 1973.

-    SEROU, C., Beyond the ‘First Narrative’ Narrative: the Low Ham Mosaic as Personal Memoir, University of California, Britain, 2017.

-    -SHOTTER, D., Roman Britain, 2^nd edtion, London, 2004.

-    SLOOTJES, D.: « Local Elites and Power in the Roman World: Modern Theories and Models », Journal of Interdisciplinary History 7, N^o. 2, 2011, 235–249.

-    SMITH, W., A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London, 1875.

-    STEPHENSON, J.: « Late Roman Villas and Cognitive Science », Journal of Architectural Histories 15, N^o.1, 2019, 1–18.

-    …………………, « Late Roman Villas and Cognitive Science », Journal of Architectural Histories 7, N^o.1, 2019, 1-18.

-    STUPPERICH, R. .: «A Reconsideration of Some Fourth-Century British Mosaics »,Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Britannia 11, N^o. 3, 1980.

-    TOMALIN, D.: «Coastal Villas, Maritime Villas; A Perspective from Southern Britain », Journal of Maritime Archaeology 1, N^o. 1, 2006, 29-84.

-    TUCK, S.: «Teaching Vergil's Aeneid: Integrating the Visual Evidence », Vergilius 58, 2012.

-    WALTERS, B.: «The Restoration of an Orphic Temple in England», Journal of Roman Archaeology 35, N^o. 6, 1982, 36-43.

-    WALTERS, B., "The Orpheus Mosaic in Littlecote Park", England. III Colloquio Internazionale sul Mosaic Antico, Britain, 1984, 433-444.

-    WATTS, D., Religion in Late Roman Britain Forces of Change, London, 1998.

-    WILSON, R .: « Aspects of Iconography in Romano-British Mosaics: The Rudston 'Aquatic' Scene and the Brading Astronomer Revisited », Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 37, N^o. 4, 2006.

-    WITTS, P.: « Mosaics and Room Function: The Evidence from Some Fourth-Century Romano-British Villas », Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 31, N^o. 1, 2000, 291-324.

ثالثا: مواقع شبکة المعلومات الدولية:

-    http://www.emersonkent.com/wars_and_battles_in_history/roman_britain.htm

-     https://www.theoi.com./4/7/2021.

-    http://philipharland.com/greco-roman-associations/337-dedication-of-a-temple-to-neptune-and-minerva./3/7/2021 .