Yasir, B., Astuti, A., Raihan, M., Natzir, R., Subehan, S., Rohman, A., Alam, G. (2022). Optimization of Pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Extraction Based By Analytical Factorial Design Approach, Its Phytochemical Compound, and Cytotoxicity Activity. test, 65(9), 421-430. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.82407.4060
Budiman Yasir; Ayun D Astuti; Muhammad Raihan; Rosdiana Natzir; Subehan Subehan; Abdul Rohman; Gemini Alam. "Optimization of Pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Extraction Based By Analytical Factorial Design Approach, Its Phytochemical Compound, and Cytotoxicity Activity". test, 65, 9, 2022, 421-430. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.82407.4060
Yasir, B., Astuti, A., Raihan, M., Natzir, R., Subehan, S., Rohman, A., Alam, G. (2022). 'Optimization of Pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Extraction Based By Analytical Factorial Design Approach, Its Phytochemical Compound, and Cytotoxicity Activity', test, 65(9), pp. 421-430. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.82407.4060
Yasir, B., Astuti, A., Raihan, M., Natzir, R., Subehan, S., Rohman, A., Alam, G. Optimization of Pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Extraction Based By Analytical Factorial Design Approach, Its Phytochemical Compound, and Cytotoxicity Activity. test, 2022; 65(9): 421-430. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.82407.4060

Optimization of Pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Extraction Based By Analytical Factorial Design Approach, Its Phytochemical Compound, and Cytotoxicity Activity

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Article 40, Volume 65, Issue 9, September 2022, Pages 421-430    PDF (451 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.82407.4060
Authors
Budiman Yasir1, 2, 3; Ayun D Astuti4, 3; Muhammad Raihan3; Rosdiana Natzir5; Subehan Subehan3; Abdul Rohman6; Gemini Alam3
1Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
2Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi, Makassar 90242, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
3Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
4aDepartment of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
5Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
6Departement of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
Abstract
One of the successful determinants of active compounds extraction from plant material depends mainly on the extraction procedures, including the type of solvents, plant materials, and extraction techniques used in the extraction procedure. This research aimed to optimize Pagoda’s extraction yields (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) using several types of solvents and extraction techniques and to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained. The various solvents include water, methanol, hexane, and ethanol, while the extraction techniques used were maceration, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and reflux. The flowers, leaves, and stems were also extracted to represent parts of the plants. Screening of secondary metabolites was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), while cytotoxic activity was tested against Artemia salina. The highest yield of extract was obtained using water, followed by methanol > ethanol > hexane. The most effective extraction methods were the reflux method, followed by MAE and maceration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the linear model of plant parts, solvents, and interactions between factors showed significant effects on yield (P < 0.05). The studied extracts contain secondary metabolites of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. These extracts were also very toxic to Artemia salina; therefore, they can be developed as anticancer.
Keywords
Pagoda; Factorial Design; Phytochemical; Artemia salina; Cytotoxic
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