Bacterial Superantigens as An Agent Provocateur to Initiating Chaos in Immune Response | ||
| Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology | ||
| Article 10, Volume 14, Issue 1, June 2022, Pages 109-116 PDF (507.24 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/eajbse.2022.238166 | ||
| Author | ||
| Ali Alisaac | ||
| Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Environmental agents including bacterial superantigens (sAgs) have been shown to contribute to immune response dysregulation, resulting in immunity-related diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one among the several powerful exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, causing a range of clinical diseases from mild food poisoning to deadly non-menstrual toxic shock. Streptococcus pyogenes infections in the deep tissues can create equally potent sAgs (such as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) -A) that can cause deadly shock. The innate immune response elicited by sAgs is not against the bacteria themselves; rather sAgs driven T cell and cytokine-based immune response aids bacterial survival. The current study looked at how healthy people's T cells reacted in vitro to common bacterial sAgs such as SEB and SPE-A. Different Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured to identify the functional activity of T cells. The findings show that the interaction between PBMC and sAgs has a significant impact on the magnitude of sAg-dependent polyclonal T cell (CD4+) elicitation along with cytokine generation in vitro, which is governed by IL-4 and IL-10 releasing cells. Infection-related sAg-activity possibly influences the clinical outcome of the infection, implying that sAg-activated T cells and cytokines play a crucial role in initiating immunity-related diseases. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Cytokines; Immune dysregulation; Infection; Superantigens; T cells | ||
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