Effectiveness of health belief model-based educational intervention in improving knowledge, beliefs, smoking behaviors, and nicotine dependence among cigarette smoking medical students during COVID-19 pandemic | ||
| The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine | ||
| Article 9, Volume 40, Issue 3, July 2022, Pages 218-226 PDF (1.06 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2022.130974.1212 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mirella Youssef Tawfik; Hanan Hassan Soliman; Sally Fawzy Elotla* | ||
| Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| BBackground: Cigarette smoking is a major public health threat to the world with rising concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a health belief model (HBM)-based educational intervention in improving knowledge, beliefs, self-reported smoking behaviors, and nicotine dependence among university medical students. Methods: A randomized controlled health education intervention was performed using permuted blocks randomization. Students in the intervention group (n=133) received health education intervention based on the HBM constructs and incorporated smoking related COVID-19 risks. Control subjects (n=129) received basic health education including smoking health related risks. The outcomes measured were: students’ knowledge, beliefs, self-reported smoking behaviors, and nicotine dependence. Data were collected at baseline and 30 days post-intervention. Results: After the intervention, percentages of students who had high knowledge and belief scores had significantly increased from ˂5%to >45% in the intervention group(p < 0.001).Mean nicotine dependence scores and percentages of daily and heavy smokers among students showed more improvement in the intervention group (3.9±1.5, 35.3%, 5.3%) compared to the control group (5±1.8, 48.8% and 12.4% respectively)(p < 0.001)at 30 days post-intervention. Perceived COVID-19 risk susceptibility and risk severity significantly predict post-intervention reduction in moderate/heavy smoking (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively) and high nicotine dependence (p < 0.01) in the intervention group. Conclusions: This intervention significantly improved knowledge, beliefs, self-reported smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence in medical students. Further research is needed for investigating the effectiveness of applying more complex and longer intervention. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Health belief model; educational intervention; nicotine dependence; medical students; COVID-19 | ||
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