The effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Behavior and Welfare of Broiler Chickens Reared at Two Stocking Densities | ||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||
| Article 6, Volume 7, Issue 3, July 2022, Pages 41-49 PDF (610.88 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2022.133166.1144 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohamed Alaa1; Abeer H. Abdel Razek1; M. A. Tony2; Basma M. Bawish* 3 | ||
| 1Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. | ||
| 2Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. | ||
| 3Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effects associated with dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation and different stocking densities on behavioral patterns and welfare indicators of broiler chickens. In total, 364 Arbor-Acres one-day-old mixed-sex broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments of 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design experiment (seven replicates each). The first treatment (T1): standard stocking density (SSD) reared under 10 birds/m2 without GAA supplements, treatment 2 (T2): SSD (10 birds /m2) with GAA supplements at the rate of 0.06% (600 g/ton feed), treatment 3 (T3): high stocking density (HSD) reared under 16 birds/m2 without GAA supplements, treatment 4 (T4): HSD (16 birds/m2) with 0.06 % GAA supplements. Scan sampling behavior observations were recorded through video recording cameras and welfare indices were measured using 3 levels scale score. Results of the current study showed a positive increase in foraging and comfort behavior in SSD, while an increase in standing and a decrease in sitting was observed in HSD. Furthermore, GAA resulted in raising foraging behavior in SSD, however, no effect was noted on standing, resting, and comfort behavior. Based on interaction analysis, a higher standing behavior was observed by GAA supplements in the HSD group. Regarding the footpad dermatitis (FPD) and hock burns score, HSD was reported to negatively affect leg health as it significantly increases FPD and hock burns score, however, neither GAA nor interaction between Stocking density x GAA had a significant effect on welfare indices. In conclusion, HSD had a negative impact on the behavior and welfare of broiler chickens as it showed adverse effects on leg health. However, the positive effects of GAA on some behavioral patterns were more pronounced in the SSD group than in the overcrowding conditions. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Behavior; Broilers; Footpad dermatitis; Guanidinoacetic acid; Hock burn; Stocking density; Welfare | ||
| References | ||
|
AMIRI, M., GHASEMI, H. A., HAJKHODADADI, I., and KHALTABADI FARAHANI, A. H., 2019. Efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid at different dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, stress indicators, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. In Animal Feed Science and Technology (Vol.254). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114208
Aviagen. 2019.Arbor Acces Broiler Nutrition Specifications. Aviagen, 04, 1–8.
Bailie, C. L., Ijichi, C., and O’Connell, N. E., 2018. Effects of stocking density and string provision on welfare-related measures in commercial broiler chickens in windowed houses. In Poultry Science (Vol. 97) (5), 1503–1510. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey026
Bessei, W. 2006. Welfare of broilers: a review. In World’s Poultry Science Journal (Vol. 62) (3), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933906001085
Boney, J. W., Patterson, P. H., andSolis, F., 2020. The effect of dietary inclusions of guanidinoacetic acid on D1-42 broiler performance and processing yields. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 29(1), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2019.10.008
Buijs, S., Keeling, L. J., Vangestel, C., Baert, J., Vangeyte, J., andTuyttens, F. A. M., 2010. Resting or hiding? Why broiler chickens stay near walls and how density affects this. Applied Animal Behavior Science124(3–4), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2010.02.007
CHEGINI, S., KIANI, A., PARIZADIAN KAVAN, B., and ROKNI, H., 2019. Effects of propolis and stocking density on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune system of heat-stressed broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18(1), 868–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1483750
DIXON LM ., 2020. Slow and steady wins the race: The behaviour and welfare of commercial faster growing broiler breeds compared to a commercial slower growing breed. Plos One, 15(4), e0231006. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231006
Dixon LM, and Copper JC., 2010. How low can they go? The effects of height restriction on the behaviour of pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ISAE UK/Eire Regional Meeting.
de Jong, I., Berg, C., Butterworth, A., and Estevéz, I., 2012. Scientific report updating the EFSA opinions on the welfare of broilers and broiler breeders,EFSA Supporting Publications, 9(6), p.295E. 116 pp. https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.EN-295
Erasmus, M. A., 2017. A review of the effects of stocking density on turkey behavior, welfare, and productivity. Poultry Science, 96(8), 2540–2545. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex075
Fosoul, S.S.A.S., Azarfar, A., Gheisari, A. and Khosravinia, H., 2018. Energy utilisation of broiler chickens in response to guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in diets with various energy contents. British Journal of Nutrition, 120(2), pp.131-140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114517003701.
Goo, D., Kim, J. H., Choi, H. S., Park, G. H., Han, G. P., and Kil, D. Y., 2019. Effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 98(3), 1153–1160. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey491
Hall, A. L., 2001. The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens reared commercially. Animal Welfare, 10(1), 23–40.
Heidari, S., and Toghyani, M., 2018. Effect of stocking density and methionine levels on growth performance and immunity of broiler chicks. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(3), 483–489.
Ibrahim, R., Abdel-Azeem, N., Mostafa, A. S., and Emeash, H. H., 2017. Studies on some Welfare Aspects of Broilers Reared Under Different Stocking Densities. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2017.62137
Jobe, M. C., Ncobela, C. N., Kunene, N. W., and Opoku, A. R., 2019. Effects of Cassia abbreviata extract and stocking density on growth performance, oxidative stress and liver function of indigenous chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51(8), 2567–2574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01979-y
Lewis, N. J., and Hurnik, J. F., 1990. Locomotion of broiler chickens in floor pens. Poultry Science, 69(7), 1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0691087
Li, X. M., Zhang, M. H., Liu, S. M., Feng, J. H., Ma, D. D., Liu, Q. X., Zhou, Y., Wang, X. J., and Xing, S., 2019. Effects of stocking density on growth performance, growth regulatory factors, and endocrine hormones in broilers under appropriate environments. Poultry Science, 98(12), 6611–6617. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez505
Ma, H., Xu, B., Li, W., Wei, F., Kim, W. K., Chen, C., Sun, Q., Fu, C., Wang, G., and Li, S., 2020. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on the behavior, serum indicators, and bone quality of broilers under stocking density stress. Poultry Science, 99(10), 4653–4661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.007
Martrenchar, A., Morisse, J. P., Huonnic, D., and Cotte, J. P., 1997. Influence of stocking density on some behavioural, physiological and productivity traits of broilers. Veterinary Research, 28(5), 473–480. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00902495
Michiels, J., Maertens, L., Buyse, J., Lemme, A., Rademacher, M., Dierick, N. A., and de Smet, S., 2012. Supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid to broiler diets: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and energy metabolism. Poultry Science, 91(2), 402–412. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01585
Mohiti-Asli, M., Ghanaatparast-Rashti, M., and Tavakoli-Alamooti, M., 2016. Effect of sodium bentonite litter supplement and stocking density on growth performance of broiler and litter quality in summer. Iran J. Anim. Sci, 47, 441–451.
Nasiroleslami, M., Torki, M., Saki, A. A., and Abdolmohammadi, A. R., 2018. Effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid and betaine supplementation on performance, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of broilers subjected to cold stress. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46(1), 1016–1022.https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1450751
Nielsen, B. L., Thodberg, K., Malmkvist, J., and Steenfeldt, S., 2011. Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience, 5(8), 1247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111000218
Ostojic, S. M., 2015. Advanced physiological roles of guanidinoacetic acid. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(8), 1211–1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1050-7
Portocarero, N., and Braun, U., 2021. The physiological role of guanidinoacetic acid and its relationship with arginine in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 100(7), 101203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101203
Rashidi, N., Ghorbani, M. R., Tatar, A., and Salari, S., 2019. Response of broiler chickens reared at high density to dietary supplementation with licorice extract and probiotic. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 103(1), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13007
SIMSEK, U.G., DALKILIC, B., CIFTCI,M., and YUCE, A., 2009. The influences of different stocking densities on some welfare indicators, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH, GSH-Px, CAT) in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances, 8: 1568–1572.
Skrbic, Z., Pavlovski, Z., Lukic, M., Petricevic, V., Djukic-Stojcic, M., and Zikic, D., 2011. The effect of stocking density on individual broiler welfare parameters: 2. Different broiler stocking densities. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 27(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1101017SF
Son, J.-H. 2013. The effect of stocking density on the behaviour and welfare indexes of broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. A, 3(4A), 307.
Thomas, D. G., Ravindran, V., Thomas, D. V., Camden, B. J., Cottam, Y. H., Morel, P. C. H., and Cook, C. J., 2004. Influence of stocking density on the performance, carcass characteristics and selected welfare indicators of broiler chickens. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 52(2), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2004.36408
Thomas, David G, Son, J.-H., Ravindran, V., and Thomas, D. V., 2011. The effect of stocking density on the behaviour of broiler chickens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science, 38(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2011.38.1.001
Vraneš, M., Ostojić, S., Tot, A., Papović, S., and Gadžurić, S., 2017. Experimental and computational study of guanidinoacetic acid self-aggregation in aqueous solution. Food Chemistry, 237, 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.088
Wang, L. S., Shi, B. M., Shan, A. S., and Zhang, Y. Y., 2012. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidation in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Vet Adv, 11(5), 631–636.
Xiong, X., Yang, Y., Jiang, X., Yu, C., Peng, H., Chen, J., Xia, B., Du, H., Li, Q., and Zhang, Z., 2020. Effects of stocking density on performance, egg quality, reproductive hormones, and antioxidant capacity in egg-laying ducks. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 48(1), 454–459.
Yanai, T., Abo-Samaha, M. I., El-Kazaz, S. E., and Tohamy, H. G., 2018. Effect of stocking density on productive performance, behaviour, and histopathology of the lymphoid organs in broiler chickens. European Poultry Science, 82.1-15 https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20193148753
ZHANG, L., Yue, H.Y., Zhang, H.J., Xu, L., Wu, S.G., Yan, H.J., Gong, Y.S., and Qi, G.H., 2009. Transport stress in broilers: i. blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality. Poultry science, 88(10), pp.2033-2041. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00128
Zhang, L., Li, J. L., Gao, T., Lin, M., Wang, X. F., Zhu, X. D., Gao, F., and Zhou, G. H., 2014. Effects of dietary supplementation with creatine monohydrate during the finishing period on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and muscle glycolytic potential of broilers subjected to transport stress. Animal, 8(12), 1955–1962. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114001906
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 602 PDF Download: 663 |
||
