The Titles of Trustworthy Seal Bearer in Ancient Egypt until the End of the Middle Kingdom | ||
| Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality | ||
| Article 233, Volume 22, Issue 3, June 2022, Pages 120-149 PDF (2.78 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jaauth.2022.147120.1373 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohamed Refaat رفعت Mohamed* | ||
| Ismailia | ||
| Abstract | ||
| There is no doubt that especially during Ancient Egypt the titles of officials are a major source of information about their careers and their duties in the state administration and service to the king and his family. During the last few decades, there has been general agreement in the understanding of many of the most frequently occurring titles. It is no wonder that many officials of the Government were concerned about its function. There were attached to almost every department of the public service, as well as to all the religious institutions of the country; and even wealthy noblemen, usually had one or more of these seal bearer" in their household. Often times, title was held by officials and nobles as an honorary title. In ancient Egypt, many high-ranking members of the royal government bore the title “xtm(w) kfA-ib” which means “Trustworthy Seal Bearer”. The person who bore of course was a trusted person, this title played an administrative role and its term had variant derivatives and functions associated with it. The proposed research, therefore, aims to study the titles of the trustworthy seal bearer, in addition to its terms and determinatives, interpret them linguistically, identifying the role of the seal bearer through textual and scenery sources, counting the most important employees who bore the title until the end of Middle Kingdom, shedding light on the titles that accompanying the holder of the seal and deducing the nature of the powers and competence of seal bearer from them. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| xtm(w)/ xtm(y)-nTr; kfA-ib; Trustworthy; seal bearer and god’s seal bearer | ||
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