S. A, S., Sohair, A, G., M. A, E., Hend, M, E. (2016). ASSESSMENT OF DIOXINS AND FURANS EMISSIONRESULTING FROM CEMENT INDUSTRY USING UNEP TOOLKIT. test, 32(1), 97-114. doi: 10.21608/jes.2016.24717
Soliman, S. A; Gad Alla, Sohair, A; El Hashash, M. A; El Refaie, Hend, M. "ASSESSMENT OF DIOXINS AND FURANS EMISSIONRESULTING FROM CEMENT INDUSTRY USING UNEP TOOLKIT". test, 32, 1, 2016, 97-114. doi: 10.21608/jes.2016.24717
S. A, S., Sohair, A, G., M. A, E., Hend, M, E. (2016). 'ASSESSMENT OF DIOXINS AND FURANS EMISSIONRESULTING FROM CEMENT INDUSTRY USING UNEP TOOLKIT', test, 32(1), pp. 97-114. doi: 10.21608/jes.2016.24717
S. A, S., Sohair, A, G., M. A, E., Hend, M, E. ASSESSMENT OF DIOXINS AND FURANS EMISSIONRESULTING FROM CEMENT INDUSTRY USING UNEP TOOLKIT. test, 2016; 32(1): 97-114. doi: 10.21608/jes.2016.24717

ASSESSMENT OF DIOXINS AND FURANS EMISSIONRESULTING FROM CEMENT INDUSTRY USING UNEP TOOLKIT

Journal of Environmental Science
Article 6, Volume 32, Issue 1, March 2016, Pages 97-114
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/jes.2016.24717
Authors
Soliman, S. A1; Gad Alla, Sohair, A2; El Hashash, M. A3; El Refaie, Hend, M4
1Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University
2Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture
3Faculty of Science, Ain ShamsUniversity
4General Department of Hazard Substances and Waste, Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated dibenzo- furans (PCDFs) may be released during fuel combustion in several industries including cement production. Estimation of dioxins and furans released from four cement factories in the Red Sea region, Suez Governorate, Egypt, has been calculated. The Standardized Toolkit recommended by the United Nation Environmental Program, UNEP for Identification and Quantification of PCDD’s and PCDF’srelease developed by UNEP was used. Data about incineration of hazardous waste in cement kilns are also collected. Only one plant was found to incinerate according to controlled combustion processes that apply good air pollution control system, APCS, in place. The default emission factors established by UNEP toolkit were used to estimate the PCDD’s and PCDF’s. Only one plant allows the use of hazardous wastes, HW, in its fueling mixture. The calculated dioxins and furans for this plant (A) was 0.77 g TEQ/year into air with dioxins residue of 12.135 g TEQ/year. However, emission rate of other plants(B,C and D) were, 0.1165, 0.1 and0.07 g TEQ/year, respectively, compared with the permissible limit set by the European Union as is 0.1 ng TEQ /Nm³ TEQ for concentration of dioxin-like compounds in the discharged flue gas is 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm³ TEQ.( "EU limit value". europa.eu)







Keywords
Dioxins- Furans- Toolkits- Cement-TEQ- TCDD-HW
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