Parasitic Infections’ Immunomodulatory Effects and Autoimmune Diseases | ||
| Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology | ||
| Article 4, Volume 14, Issue 2, December 2022, Pages 27-37 PDF (500.88 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/eajbse.2022.259101 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Aliaa M. Elsawey1; Nairmen Nabih1; Gaballah, E. .M.2; Samia E. Etewa3; Nora Aboulfotouh1 | ||
| 1Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University | ||
| 2Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University culty of medicine, Damietta univercity, Egypt | ||
| 3Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The hygiene hypothesis has been implicated in the dramatic increase in autoimmune and allergic diseases noticed in recent decades, especially in developed countries. This growth was associated with lesser exposure to diverse immunoregulatory infectious agents. This hypothesis has been proved by many potent epidemiological and experimental studies. The results of these studies along with the analysis of the western world’s microbiome helped us to have a greater idea about microorganisms shared in the hygiene hypothesis, as well as their main mechanisms that have an effect on the immune system. Protozoal infections have been proved to have remarkable immunomodulatory changes in different autoimmune diseases. Helminths and their derivatives were proved to have a protective role. Helminths’ broad immunomodulatory effects have been tested in clinical trials of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type-1 diabetes. In this review, we discussed particular parasitic infections and their immunomodulatory effects on some autoimmune diseases. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Hygiene hypothesis; autoimmunity; allergy; helminths; protozoa | ||
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