الأسفلتἄσφαλτος في المصادر الكلاسيكية

قائمة المصادر والمراجع:

أولاً: المصادر الكلاسيكية ( Loeb Classial Library):

- Aristole, De Mirabilibus Auscultationbus, Ed. F.Didot, 1857.

- Appian, The Foreign Wars, Mithridatic Wars, Horace White, New York, The Macmillan Company,1899.

- Celsus, De Medicina, Trans By W.G.Spencer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1971.

- Curtius Rufus Quintus, Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis Libri qui Supersunt Edmund Hedicke. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Lipsiae,1908.

- Dio Cassius, Roman History, Earnest Cary, Herbert Baldwin Foster, William Heinemann, Harvard University Press, London, New York, 1914.

- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Vol.4-5, Immanel Bekker, Ludwig Dindorf, Friedrich Vogel, Kurt Theoder Fischer, in aedibus B.G. Teubneri, Leipzig, 1903-1906.

- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Vol.1-2, Immanel Bekker, Ludwig Dindorf, Friedrich Vogel, in aedibus B.G. Teubneri, Leipzig, 1888-1890.

- Exodus, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, 1984.

- Flavii Philostrati Opera, Vita Apollonii, Vol.1., Philostratus the Athenian, Carl Ludwig Kayser, in aedibus B.G. Teubneri, Leipzig, 1870.

- Genesis, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, 1984.

- Herodotus, The Histories, Trans By A.D.Godley, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1920.

- Hippocrates, De Aere Aquis et locis, Collected Works I, W.H.S.Jones, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1868

- Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff , Lipsiae, Teubner,1906.

- Polybius, Histories, Trans By Evelyn S.Shuckburgh, London, New York, Macmillan,1889.

- Procopius , De Bellis, Dewing Henry Bronson William Heinemann; The Macmillan Co; Harvard University Press, London; New York; Cambridge,MA. 1914-1928.

- Strabo, Geographica, Ed. H.L.Jones , Cambridge, Mass , Harvard University Press, London: William Heinemann, 1924.

- Strabo, Geographica, Ed. A.Meineke, Leipzig, Teubner, 1877.

- Strabo, The Geography. Literally Translated, with Notes, by, Letronne, Three Volumes. Ed.,H.C.Hamilton,Falconer,M.A., London. George Bell & Sons. 1903.

- Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, London, J.M.Dent, New York, E.P.Dutton, 1910.

- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Trans By Thomas Hobbes, London,1843

- Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture. F.Krohn. Lipsiae. B.G. Teubner, 1912.

ثانياً: المراجع الأجنبية:

-Abraham, H.,Asphalts and Allied Substances Their Occurrence, Modes of Production, Uses in the Arts and Methods of Testing, New York, D.Van Nostrand Company ,1938.

- A Lexicon Abridge From Lidddel and Scott 's Greek- English Lexicon, New York , Harper & Brothers Publishers Franklin Square, 1879.

- Baalbaki,M, Al-Mawrid Al-Quareeb Pocket Dictionary, Dar El-ilm Lilmalayin, 2009.

- Bachenheimer,A., Old Persian Dictionary, Glossaary Concordance, John Wiley&Sons,2018.

- Banks, E.J.," Bismya or the Lost City of Adab", A Story of Adventure , of Exploration , and of Excavation among the Ruins of the Oldest of the Buried Cities of Babylonia, G.P.Putnam's Sons, New York, 1912.

- Baynham, E., Alexander the Great The Unique History of Quintus Curtius , The University of Michgan Press, 1998.

- Budge, E.A,The Mummy, Cambridge University Press,1893.

-Chamoux,F., Hellenistic Civilization, Trans By Michel Roussel, Blackwell Publishing, 2002.

Clark,K.A., Ikram,S., Evershed, R.P., The Significance of Petroleum Bitumen in Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Rsta. Royalsocietypublishing. org ,  2016.

- Colin,A., Memoires de Henri Le Chatelier, Vol. 8, Paris, 1913.

- Collins Greek Dictionary Now in Colour, Harper Collins Publishers, 2006.

- Donaldson,I., Celsus: De Medicina, Florence, 1478, Part.1, ex Libris, Royal College of Physicians of Endburg, 2014.

- Eckstein,A,M, Rome Enters the Greek East from Anarchy to Hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean 230-170 B.C., Blackwell Publishing, 2012.

- Forbes R.J., Studies in ancient Technology, Vol.1, Leiden, E.J., Brill ,1955.

- Hale,J., Lords of the Sea: The Epic Story of the Athenian Navy and the Birth of Democracy, New York Viking, 2009.

- Handcock, P.S.P, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Macmillan , London, 1912.

- Heierli,J., Urgeschichte der Schweiz, Zurich Verlag von Albert Muller,1901.

- Hubbs,C.L., Bien,G.S., Suess,H.E., La Jolla Natural Radiocrabon Measurements, American Journal oF Science Radiocarbon Supplementm, Vol.2,1960.

- Koldewey, R.,Excavations at Babylon, Macmillan, London, 1914.

- Kuhrt, A., The Persian Empire Acorpus of sources from the Achaemenid Period, Routledge, 2010.

- Mackenzie,D.A, Myths of Babylonia and Assyria, Gresham Publishing, London, 1916.

- Marciak,M., & Wojcikowski, R.S., Image of Kings of Adiabene: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence, The British Institue for The Study of Iraq, 2016.

- Niemi, T. M., Avraham,Z.B., Gat, J.,The Dead Sea, The Lake and its Setting , Oxford University Press, 1997.

- Nissenbaum, A., Dead Sea Asphalts - Historical Aspects, AAPG Bulletin, Vol.62,Issue,5, 1978

Pocket Oxford Latin Ditionary, Ed., James Morwood, Oxford University Press, 2000.

- Neusner, J.,The Conversion of Adiabene to Judaism: A New Perspective, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol.83,No.1, 1964.

- Oksanish, J., Vitruvian Man Rome Under Construction, Oxford University Press, 2019.

- Platner,S.B., A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

- Prioreschi, P., A History of Medicine Roman Medicine,Vol.3, Roman Medicine, Horatius Press, 1996.

- Rawlinson, G., Inscriptions of Western Asia, New York , 1892.

- Ruska,J & Jahresber,Z., " Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Zakarija ibn Muhammad  ibn Mahmud Al-kazwtnt", Oberrealschule Heidelberg, 1895-1896.

- Schmitt R., " Arderikka", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol.2, Face,4, 1986.

- Schmitt R., " Cissians", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol.5, Face,6, 1991.

Schwartz,M., Bitumen, Greece and Rome, The Encyclopedia of Ancient History,Ed., Roger S., Bagnall, Kai Broderson, Craige B. Champion, Andrew Erskine and Sabine R.Huebner, John Wiley& Sons, 2016.

- Siraisi, N.G., History, Medicine and the Traditions of Renaissance Learning, Michigan University Press.Ann Arpor, 2007.

- Smith, W., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, London, John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1872.

- Smith, W.,Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Boston Charles C.Little, and James Brown, London, 1927.

- Stronk,J.P., Semiramis ' Legacy the History of Persia According to Dodorus of Sicily, Edinburg University Press, 2017.

- Troeltsch,E., Die Pfahlbauten des Bodenseegebietes, Stuttgart Verlag Von Ferdinand Enke,1902.

- Wilson,J.C., Aulus Cornelius Celsus and some Remarks Concerning Rare Edition of old Books and Madical Libraries, W.T.Hynes,1913.

ثالثاً: المراجع العربية:

- إبراهيم نصحي، تاريخ مصر في عصر البطالمة، جـ1، ط4، مكتبة الأنجلو المصرية، 1976.

- المعجم الوجيز، مجمع اللغة العربية، القاهرة، 2008.

- المعجم الوسيط، مجمع اللغة العربية، مكتبة الشروق الدولية، القاهرة، 2004.

- بطرس عبد الملك ، وجون الكساندر، وإبراهيم مطر، قاموس الكتاب المقدس، مجمع الكنائس في الشرق الأدنى، بيروت، لبنان ، ط2، 2011.

- جورج بوست، فهرس الكتاب المقدس، دار مكتبة العائلة، ط12، 2001.

- ريهام رياض مسكة، العلاقات المصرية الرافدية بين عامي 1550 - 1200 ق.م.، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة دمشق، 2017، ص 206.

- فؤاد يوسف قزانجي، أصول الثقافة السريانية في بلاد ما بين النهرين، دار دجلة، 2010.