Biodiversity of Actinomycetes and Their Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review | ||
| Journal of Advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences | ||
| Article 5, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2023, Pages 36-48 PDF (512.45 K) | ||
| Document Type: Review Articles | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jabps.2022.161607.1165 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sadaf khan1; Shanzeba ,1; Aisha Gul1; Saqlain Jehan2; Zahid Khan3; Javaria saeed4; Ramiz Raza Shirazi5; Abdur Raziq6; Muhammad Waseem Khan7; Hayat Ullah* 8 | ||
| 1Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan | ||
| 2Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. | ||
| 3Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan | ||
| 4Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government college university Lahore, Pakistan | ||
| 5Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan | ||
| 6Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. | ||
| 7Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences | ||
| 8Government College University Faisalabad | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Among prokaryotes, Actinomycetes are one of the most explored microorganism due to their capability of novel bioactive secondary metabolites production. Actinomycetes secondary metabolites are known for their role in different cellular, physiological and biological processes. Main body: Actinomycetes are most widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, hypersaline soil, rhizosphere soil, freshwater, limestone, volcanic cave, marine sediments, sponges, and desert. Actinomycetes bioactive secondary metabolites most important features are that they have specific microbial producers, diverse bioactivities and unique chemical structures. Some important antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are actinomycetin, mycetin, micromonosporin and from actinomyces are lysozyme, actinomycin, streptothricin, proactinomycin and streptomycin. These antibiotics differ greatly in their structure, antimicrobial and toxicity properties. Actinomycetes secondary metabolites include spirotetronate, quinones, lactams, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, diketones, aromatic ketones, ansamycin, glycopeptides, lactones, Tetracenediones, anthracyclines, macrolides, fattiviracins, polyenes and tetracyclines, natural polycyclic polyketide. Conclusion: This review study summarized that Actinomycetes are naturally distributed species found in diverse environments. It is assumed that actinomycetes species found in extreme conditions have the capability to produce novel bioactive secondary metabolites that remain unexplored yet. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Actinomycetes; Antibiotics; Biodiversity of Actinomycetes; Secondary Metabolites | ||
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