التأثيرات الاقتصادية لسد النهضة الاثيوبي على التنمية الاقتصادية لإثيوبيا ومصر– المخاوف والفرص المتاحة

1 - Alex Evas, Resources, risk and resilience: scarcity and climate change in Ethiopia, (New York, NY: Center on International Cooperation, August 2012.

2 - Bshar, K.E., Chane, B., Kizza, M., Abebe, M., Soliman, M.A., Mengiste, A., Gebeyehu, A., Seleshi, Y. and Boeriu, P. (2005); Nile Basin Capacity Building Network «NBCBN», River Structures research Cluster, Group II, Microdams.

3 - Burek, P., Satoh, Y., Fischer, G., Kahil, M. T., Scherzer, A., Tramberend, S., Nava, L. F., Wada, Y., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Hanasaki, N. Magnuszewski, P., Cosgrove, B. and Wiberg, D. 2016. Water Futures and Solution: Fast Track Initiative (Final Report). IIASA Working
Paper. Laxenburg, Austria, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). pure.iiasa.ac. /13008/.

4 - CBD Technical Series No. 78. Montreal, PQ, CBD (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity). www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-ts-78-en.pdf

5 - FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2011a. The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk. Rome/
London, FAO/Earthscan.

 www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e.pdf.

6 - FAO (Food an Agriculture Organization) (1984) Geo-morphology and soils. Assistance to land use - Planning Project, Ethiopia. Field Document 2, AG: DP/ETH/781003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

7 - Fekahmed Negash, "Managing water for inclusive and sustainable growth in Ethiopia: key challenges and priorities", European Report on Development, The European Commission, (Brussels, Belgium: ERD 2011/2012), P 15. AT: (http://erd- report.eu/erd/report_2011/documents/dev-11-001- 11researchpapers_negash.pdf).

8 - IRC. Management of water demand in Africa and the Middle East. David B. Brook. Nile Basin Capacity Building Network «NBCBN», River Structures research Cluster, Group II, Microdams.
The World Bank. A strategy for managing water in the Middle East and North Africa, 1993. 

9 - Kinfe Abraham , Nile Opportunities : Avenues Towards aWini-Win Deal(Addis Ababa) : The Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development ,2003.

10 - "Water Storage and Hydropower Development for Africa", in: Africa 2013 International Conference, African Union Congress Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16 to 18 April 2013.

11- World Energy Outlook 2014/2016.

12 - World Water Assessment Programme (2009), The United Nations World.

13 - Water Development Report 3: Water in a changing World, UNESCO Publishing, UNESCO, Paris, France.2016

المواقع الالكترونية

1 - الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء

                   :- دراسة الموارد المائية وترشيد استخدامها في مصر 2014.

www.capmas.gov.eg

2 - جريدة المال: الربط الكهربائي مع أوربا يوفر فرصاً استثمارية ل الطاقة المتجددة، الأربعاء . بتاريخ 21 /10/2019

متاح على

Almalnews.com

3 -  عصام حجي : خنق النيل (السدود.. سيناريوهات. الجفاف . الحلول) ،2020.

https://interactive.aljazeera.net/aja/nile/

4- منظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة (FAO)2021 :

 -  قاعدة البيانات الإحصائية، السكان2014/2020.

- أهداف التنمية المستدامة

www.fao.org

5- وزارة الري والموارد المائية

6 -  وزارة الكهرباء والطاقة المتجددة المصرية: الكهرباء بوابة الربط بين مصر وافريقيا. بتاريخ 11/5/2019

متاح على الموقع الرسمي وزارة الكهرباء والطاقة المتجددة المصرية

Nrea.gov.eg

7 -Abay, A. (2010) Microsoft PowerPoint-experience of dam harvest failure pin Northern Ethiopia.

http://www.unipv.eu/online/en/Home/InternationalRelations/CICOPS/documento5707.html.

8 -Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J. 2012. World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision. ESA Working paper No. 12-03.
Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).at/

www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap106e/ap106e.

9-Björn Jönsson, Water as a Source of Cooperation or Conflict? - A Case Study of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, (Lund, Sweden: Department of Political Science, 2013), pp. 13, 14. AT:

 http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=24965&postid=3357953

10 -"Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance", Council on Foreign Relations, (New York, NY: MAY- JUNE 2012. AT:

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/about-us/sponsors/ethiopia's-grand-renaissance).

11 -Hana Abdul Hai, "Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Expected to Yield Political and Economic Benefits for Sudan", Sudan Vision, (Khartoum), 8/07/2013. AT:

http://news.sudanvisiondaily.com/details.html?rsnpid=224529

12 -Sharaky, A.M. (2018) Ecohydrogeological Challenges on Ethiopian Water Projects and Their Impacts on Annual Water Share
of Egypt: Case Study of Tekeze Dam. In: "The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry". Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg: at

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/698_2017_145

13 -"Sudan: Renaissance Dam Benefits Sudan $20 Million Annually", Ethiopian Radio and Television Agency, (Addis Ababa), 30 JUNE 2013. AT:

http://allafrica.com/stories/201307012178.html.

References :

awlaan:- biallughat alearabia

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al'abhath

1.        aljamili , riad kazim silman. almawani alkhalijiat wa'atharuha fi tatawur alealaqat alkhalijiat - alafriqiati, almarkaz alearabiu aldiymuqrati- majalat aldirasat al'afriqiat wahawd alniyl, almujalad althaani aleadad alkhamis-mars/ adhar 2019.

First: - in Arabic

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1. Abu Al-Ata, Abdul Azim. The Nile River, Past, Present and Future, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi, Cairo, 1985.

2. Said, Rushdie. The Nile River, its origins and the use of its waters in the past, present and future, Dar Al-Hilal 1993.

3. Salameh, Ramsey. The Water Problem in the Arab World, Possibilities of Conflict and Settlement, Manshaat al-Maarif, Alexandria, 2001.

4. Al-Adly, Mansour. Water Resources in the Middle East, Conflict or Cooperation, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1996.

Researches

1. Al-Jumaili, Riyadh Kazem Salman. Gulf ports and their impact on the development of Gulf-African relations, Arab Democratic Center - Journal of African Studies and the Nile Basin, Volume Two, Issue Five - March 2019.

2.        shta, muhamad eali muhamad. "al'amn almayiyi almisrii alwaqie walruwyat almustaqbaliati", allajnat aleilmiat aldaayimat lileulum alaiqtisadiat walaijtimaeiat alzaarieiati, lajnat tarqiat al'asatidhati, almansurati, 2019.

3.        eabd alghani , 'amani . misr wa'iithyubia wabaynahuma eantibia: alsiyasat hin tughriquha almayahi, (alqahirat: markaz almisri lildirasat walmaelumati, yuliu 2012).

4.        eabdalfatahi, nadiat - muhi aldiyn, shima' - 'amal ,'ahmad (mutarjimuna). alnasu alasly almutarjim min wathiqati" alshuwuwn alkharijiat walamn alwatanii: alsiyasat walastiratijiata"fi majal alshuwuwn al'iifriqia (alqahirati): maehad albuhuth waldirasat al'iifriqiati, jamieat alqahirati, almujalad althaani, aleadad althaamin , 'uktubar 2014 .

5.        eawdat, jihad muhamad aihmad -aleiraqi, muhamad bidir -eawdatu, eatif eabd aleazim: sadi alnahdat alathyubi walziraeat almisriatu, majalat aitihad aljamieat alearabiat lileulum alziraeiati, jamieat eayn shams, alqahirat, mujalad 28, eadad2,2020.

6.        muhamad sharaqi, eabaas. tadaeiat sadi alnahdat al'athyubiu ealaa al'amn almayiyi almisrii, almutamar alduwaliu alkhamis eashar lieulum almahasil, kuliyat alziraeati, jamieat eayn shams, alqahirat,1'uktubar 2018.

7.        muhamad farahat, ayman . "dirasat tahliliat liltalab ealaa baed majmueat aialghidha' fi masr", risalat majistir, kuliyat alziraeati, jamieat alqahirati, alqahirati,2020

rasayil almajistir waldukturah

1.        adim muhamad, yusif. 'athar bina' sadi alnahdat ealaa hisas alshuraka' fi miah alniyl wfqaan lilmueahadat alduwaliati, risalat majistir, kuliyat alsharieat walqanuna,jameat 'afriqia alealamiati, alkhartum, alsuwdan,2019.

taqarir

1.        aljihaz almarkazii liltaebiat aleamat walahisa' 2017/2021, alnashrat alsanawiat li'iihsa' alrayi walmawarid almayiya ( 'aedad mukhtalifatun).

2.        alfaw2018 . munazamat al'aghdhiat walziraeat lil'umam almutahidat walajnat al'umam almutahidat almaeniat bialmiahi: -almiah alnazifat walnazafat alsihiyatu, altaqadum almahriz fi kafa'at aistikhdam almiah (khati al'asas alealamii limuashir hadaf altanmiat almustadamat 6-4-1), ruma,2018.

3.        alwakalat aldawliat liltaaqat almutajadida (IRENA). taqrir kharitat tariq altaaqat almutajadidat Remap2030)), (mulakhas alnatayiji), yuniu/hziran 2014.

4.        barnamaj al'umam almutahidat al'iinmayiyi. "'abead min alnadrat: alquat walfaqr wa'azmat almiah alealamiati", taqrir altanmiat al'iinsaniat 2006(niuyurki: manshurat al'umam almutahidati-2006).

5.        barnamaj al'umam almutahidat al'iinmayiyu. altaqrir alsanawiu, daem altaqadum alealamii 2012/2013, nazrat ean kathab 'iithyubya.

6.        barnamaj al'umam almutahidat al'iinmayiy. taqrir altanmiat albashariat lieam 2019 ma wara' aldakhl walmutawasit walhadiri: 'uwajih eadam almusawat fi alqarn alhadi waleishrina.

7.        barnamaj al'umam almutahidat lilbiyati. mulakhas eamaliaat altaqyim al'iiqlimiat altabeat 6 min tawaqueat albiyat alealamiat libarnamaj albiya (6 GEO-) alnatayij alrayiysiat walmasayil almutaealiqat bialsiyasati, alband 4 (ja) min jadwal al'aemal almuaqat -almasayil almutaealiqat bialsiyasat wal'iidarat albiyiyat alduwaliati: alrawabit bayn aleulum walsiyasati, aldawrat althaaniati, nayrubi min 23-27/mayu 2016.

8.        wizarat almawarid almayiyat walrayi 2018, muswadat mihwar almiah 2030(byanat ghayr manshuratin).

mawathiq dulia

1.        al'umam almutahidatu. alqarar *2khutat tanfidh natayij mutamar alqimat alealamii liltanmiat almustadama (juhansibirghi, jinwb 'afriqia, mun 26 'aghstus 'iilaa 4 sibtambar,2002,wthiqat A/CONF.199/20.

2.        al'umam almutahidatu- 'iiskwa. taeziz altartibat almuasasiat li'iinfadh altashrieat almayiyat watahsin alqudrat almuasasiat fi qitae almiah fi buldan al'iiskwa. wathiqat raqma. ( E/ESCWA/ENR/2001/11 ).

3.        alfaw 2019. almulhiq raqm 7ealaa alwib bialwathiqat C2019/8 alnatayij alkhasat bial'abead al'iiqlimiati.

qararat - dawrat

1 - aljaridat alrasmiatu, alqarar raqm 197lsanat, 1981, aleadad 17fi 23/4/1981.

:- alqarar raqm 281lsanat 1995, aleadad 37fi 14/9/1995.

2 - almajlis alqawmiu lilkhadamat waltanmit alaijtimaeia . 'iidarat mirfaq almiah walsirf alsihiyu 'iidarat aiqtisadiati, aldawrat 17, 1997/1998.

:-. taemim khidmat miah alshurb walsirf alsihiyi aldawrati, 18, 1997/1998.

majalaat - maqalat

1.        harighan, jin. alaiqtisad alsiyasiu lilsiyadat alghidhayiyat fi alduwal alearabiat , tarjamat 'ashraf sulayman, silsilat ealam almaerifati, almajlis alwataniu lilthaqafat walfunun waladab, alkuayt, aleuddi465,aktubar2018.

2.        hadaf albank aldawalii hu tahwil alma' 'iilaa mal lisalih alsharikat algharbiati, dunya alwatan, tarjamatu, da. husayn sarmak hasan. bitarikh 26/7/2016 .