CRISPR-Cas9: what is beyond cancer immunotherapy? | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Cancer and Biomedical Research | ||
| Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2023, Pages 1-11 PDF (472.19 K) | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jcbr.2022.152518.1270 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Alya R. Elsergany* 1; Omar Ahmed Abualata2 | ||
| 1Internal Medicine Department, medical oncology unit, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||
| 21-Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egyp | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Cancer immunotherapy has generated several breakthroughs in targeted therapy; it has been vital for understanding and treating many previously treatment-resistant cancer patients as human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and genetic editing of the individual’s immune cells in what is known as adoptive cell transfer (ACT). CRISPR/Cas9 discovery has been ground breaking in the gene-editing industry given its simplicity and ability to genetically edit several genes simultaneously. Current application of autologous chimerically activated receptors (CAR) T cells has proven to be beneficial for several leukemia and multiple myeloma patients but faces several obstacles and limitations. Purpose: In this article, we explore several approaches by which CRISPR/Cas 9 can edit immune cells to generate more diverse and broad application of adoptive cell transfer. Summary of the findings CRISPR/Cas9 could potentially generate allogenic CAR-T cells through knocking out TCR and human leucocytic antigen (HLA) molecules on the transfused immune cells thereby preventing graft vs host disease (GVHD) and rejection, respectively. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 can generate safe CAR-T cells by preventing cytokine release storm (CRS). Conclusion Combining these two revolutionary concepts, CRISPR/Cas9 and immunotherapy, can allow us to more broadly apply immunotherapy and deliver it to more cancer patients. There are several proposed advantages and implications of using CRISPR/Cas 9 as a gene editing tool to produce “off the shelf” immune cells that are both effective and safe | ||
| Keywords | ||
| CRISPR/Cas9; allogenic CAR T cells; Immunotherapy; CRS | ||
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