تعميم الخصوصات وتخصيص العمومات بقرينة السياق | ||
| مجلة قطاع الشريعة والقانون | ||
| Article 7, Volume 14, Issue 14, 2023, Pages 455-530 PDF (2.41 M) | ||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssl.2023.288437 | ||
| Author | ||
| محمد صلاح حلمي سعد | ||
| قسم أصول الفقه, كلية الشريعة والقانون بالقاهرة, جامعة الأزهر, القاهرة, مصر | ||
| Abstract | ||
| يعمد البحث إلى بيان نوع من أنواع القرائن التي بها يتم فهم مراد الشارع من ألفاظه, ذلك البيان الذي لا يعتمد اللفظ وحده عند تقرير الأحكام بل يتعامل مع اللفظ في ضوء واقعه وملابساته وسياقاته التي لا يمكن إغفالها أو تجاهلها, حتى لا يتم تقرير الأحكام مبتورة عن مقاصد الشارع وإرادته. ومن هنا بحث الأصوليون سياق الألفاظ، وما يُصاحِبُ اللفظ من قرائن، تأكيدا منهم على أهمية عناصر السياق ودورها في ضبط الاستدلال. ومباحث العموم والخصوص من أكبر مباحث أصول الفقه التصاقا بدلالة السياق, ولهذا نص الأصوليون على أن السياق يعمم الخصوصات كما يخصص العمومات, وفي الدرس الأصولي نجد من السياقات ما اتفق الأصوليون على أنها تفيد تعميم الخصوص, ومنها ما تفيد تخصيص العموم, كما نجد من السياقات ما اختلف الأصوليون في إفادته التعميم أو التخصيص, فكان هذا البحث لبيان تلك السياقات. ولقد جاء البحث في مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة, أما المبحث الأول: ففي تعريف السياق والعموم والخصوص, وكان المبحث الثاني في: السياق وموقعه من مباحث العموم, وتناول المبحث الثالث: السياق وموقعه من مباحث الخصوص, أما الخاتمة فكان فيها أهم نتائج البحث ومنها: التأكيد على أن السياق قرينة من أقوى القرائن المبينة لنصوص الوحي الشريف, فبه تبين المجملات, وتخصص العمومات, وتعمم الخصوصات, وتقيد المطلقات The research indicates the kind of evidence with which the content of the street is understood in terms of its pronunciation. This statement does not rely solely on pronunciation when determining judgments, but deals with pronunciation in light of its reality, circumstances, and contexts that cannot be ignored or ignored, so that the judgments are not truncated on the intentions and desires of the street. Purists thus examined the context of the words, and the concomitant evidence, in order to emphasize the importance of context elements and their role in controlling inference. The fundamentalists say that context generalizes characteristics just as it allocates generalities. In the fundamentalist lesson, we find that some of the fundamentalists agree that they benefit from making generalizations about specializations, while others specifically refer to jurisprudence. The first was the definition of context, the general context, and the specificities. The second was the context, signed by the general investigation, and the third was the context and its location from the special investigations. The conclusion had the most important results of the research, including: Affirming that the context is one of the strongest clues set forth in the texts of Al-Wahi Al-Sharif, by which it shows the outline, the specialization of generalities, generalizations, generalizations, and limitation of divorces. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| تعميم; الخصوص; تخصيص; العموم; السياق; القرائن. Generalization; Propriety; Personalization; Generality; Context; Clues | ||
| References | ||
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كتب الحديث وعلومه:
كتب أصول الفقه
كتب الفقه والقواعد
كتب اللغة والمعاجم والتراجم:
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