UNPUBLISHED GROUP RELIEFS (PORTRAIT STELAE AND GRAVE SCULPTURE) AT THE ASHMOUNIN STOREHOUSE IN MINYA | ||
| Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists | ||
| Article 5, Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023, Pages 55-78 PDF (3.01 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jguaa2.2023.183471.1121 | ||
| Author | ||
| Safaa Darwish* | ||
| Faculty of Arts, Tanta University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| مجموعة غير منشورة للنقوش البارزة (لوحات جنائزية وشواهد قبور) بمخزن الأشمونين المتحفى بالمنيا [Ar] تتناول هذه الدراسة خمسة نماذج لشواهد قبور ولوحات جنائزية لم تنشر من قبل، ومحفوظة في مخزن الأشمونين المتحفى بالمنيا، وغير معلوم مصدرها، اثنان منهم على هيئة تماثيل بداخل ناووس أو مشكاة، وثلاثة عبارة عن تماثيل جنائزية مستقلة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقديم دارسة وصفية لهذه الشواهد واللوحات الجنائزية، تتبع بدراسة تحليلية مقارنة تتناول فيها مادة النحت، وتقديم رؤية واضحة للسمات الفنية لمعالجة تصوير هذه المجموعة، والأسلوب الفني المتبع في تنفيذ تماثيل المتوفين، والمتمثل في ملامح الوجه والزى والوقفة أضف إلى ذلك الكشف عن ماهية ومكانة أصحاب التماثيل، والرموز التي صورت معهم، والغرض منها. كما يعكس موضوع الدراسة صورة واضحة عن المدرسة الفنية التي أنتجت هذه المجموعة، لذا تأتى أهمية هذه الدراسة لتحديد مكان العثور عليها، ووضع تأريخ لها استنادا على كل هذه العناصر السابقة. يتضح من خلال الدراسة أن شواهد القبور، واللوحات الجنائزية مُنفذة من مواد محلية، ومصورة على الطراز الروماني، ومتأثرة بالروح والأساليب الهلّنستية، كما أنها تنتمي إلى طبقة النخبة في المجتمع المصري خلال العصر الروماني، واتضح أيضا أنها منحوتة بجودة عالية، وخلص إلى أن شواهد القبور الجنائزية موضوع الدراسة تعود إلى العصر الروماني، خاصة في الفترة الممتدة من القرن الثاني إلى بداية القرن الرابع الميلادي. أيضاً تعكس الرموز المصاحبة للتماثيل الجنائزية مدى ارتباطهم بالطقوس الجنائزية، واعتقادهم في الخلود والحماية والحياة الأبدية. [En]This study deals with five models of funeral tombstones and statues that have not been published before and are kept in the Ashmounin storehouse in Minya. Their origins are unknown. Two of them are statues inside a niche, and three of them are individual funerary statues. And provides a descriptive study of these funerary grave sculptures and statues, followed by a comparative analytical study dealing with sculpture. One goal is to provide a clear vision of artistic features. Another goal is to address the depiction of this group and its artistic style seen in its facial features, costume, and posture. Additionally, this study hopes to find the identity and status of the owners of the figurines, the symbols depicted with them, and their purpose. The subject of the study reflects a clear picture of the art school that produced the statues. The importance of this study is to determine where the statue group was found and to date it. The tombstones and funerary statues are made of local material, and depicted in the Roman style, which was influenced by the Hellenistic spirit and styles. The high quality of the carving makes it evident that the statues belonged to the elite class in Roman Egypt. The iconography included in the funerary statues reflects their connection with funeral rituals, and their belief in immortality, protection, and eternal life. | ||
Highlights | ||
| ||
| Keywords | ||
| Ashmounin Storehouse; funerary statues; funeral Wreath; pine cone; grave sculpture; the hieroglyphic sign »sa» | ||
| References | ||
|
Abdel hamid, E: «Coptic Gravestones from Coptic Museum», 2014:
https://www.academia.edu/30804869/Coptic_Gravestones_from_Coptic_Museum Accessed on 9/ 4/ 2022.
«An Egyptian painted limestone funerary stele»: https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6067649/ Accessed on 2/ 11/ 2022.
«Antinoöpolis»: https://www.marefa.org/ antinopolis. Accessed on 5/ 12/ 2022.
«An Egyptian Painted Wood Mummy Portrait of A Woman», in: https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6136508 /Accessed on 6/ 12/ 2022.
Arman, A. & Hermann, R.: Miṣr wal- ḥyāa al-Mṣrīa fī al-ʿcṣwr al- qadīma, translated by: Abdel Moneim Abu Bakr, Muharram Kamal, Cairo (maktabt al-nhḍa al-mṣrīya )1987.
Ashour, S.: «Unpublished Group of Bahnasa Reliefs», Archaeological & Historical Studies 13, The Archaeology Society of Alexandria, 2010, 65-106.
ʿAziza, S: al-Nḥt al-Rumāny min al-Bidāyāt wa ḥta Nihāyt al-qrn alrābc AD, Alexandria (Dār al–mcrifa al- Gāmʿaīya) 2010.
Al-shahat, M.: « Qirā’a Ğadida lil-malābis al-Rumānīya fī Miṣr fī al-Fatra al-Muta’aḫira (Dirāsa’Aṯarīya», Maǧallaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab (JGUAA) 7, 2006, 75 – 121.
Al-salihi, S, R.: The Pinecone in Ancient Civilizations, Origin and Meaning, Baghdad, 2022: «Iraq in history»
https://www.abualsoof.com2022-03-28-03-23-09 Accessed on 15/ 8/ 2022.
Baker, S.: « Dirāsa Li'aḥd al-Ḫaṭabā'–Oratory – bamatḥf Ṭnṭā– Dirāsa Aṯrīya Taḥlilīya », Ḥawliyyaẗ Al-Itiḥād Al-ʿām Lil Aṯārīyin Al-ʿarab10, " Dirāsāt fi Aṯār Al-Waṭan Al-ʿarabī" October 2007, 18-32.
Beckwith, j.: Coptic Sculpture 300-1300, London ) Alec Tiranti(1963.
Bieber, M.: «Roman Men in Greek Himation (Romani palliati): A Contribution to the History of Copying», Proceedings of The American Philosophical Society, June 15, 1959.
Botti, G.: Catalogue des Monuments exposés au muse Gréco- Roman d'Alexandrie, Alexandrie) Alexandrie: imprimerie général A. Mourés& cie) 1900.
Breccia, EV.: Alexandria Ad Aegyptum, Bergamo (Instituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche) 1922.
Breccia, EV.: Le musée Gréco-Romain, 1931-1932, Alexandria, Bergamo (Instituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche)1933.
Collignon, M.: Les statues funéraires dans l'art grec, Paris (Leroux) 1911.
Dyggve, E., A: A Sarcophagus Lid with a Tricliniarch-Remarks on a perforated cup in usum litorgicum. i: From the Collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glypthoitek III, Vangsgaards Antikvariat Aps (Copenhagen, Denmark) 1942.
Edgar, C.C.: Greek Sculpture, CGC, Le Caire (de l'Institut française d'archéologie orientale)1903.
El-sharkawy, E, S.: «The Origins and Implications of the Decorative Elements on the Coptic Fabric Until the End of the Seventh Century AD (archaeological-artistic study) », PhD thesis, Cairo University, 2008.
GRAINDOR, P.: Bustes et Statues-Portraits d'Egypte Romaine, Le Caire (Imprimerie P. Barbey)1936.
Graindor, P.: Terres cuites de L'Egypte Greco- Romaine, Antwerpen by De Sikkel, 1939.
Ibrahim, S.: «Coffins in Egypt during the Greek and Roman eras», PhD thesis, Tanta University, 1992.
«Grave Sculpture», in: https://art.nelson-atkins.org/objects/1880/grave-sculpture. Accessed on 18/ 11/ 2022.
Kaplan, I: Grabmalerei und Grabreliefs der Römerzeit, Wechselwirkung zwischen der Ägyptischen und Griechisch Alexandrinischen Kunst, Band 16, Wien(Afro-Pub c/o Inst. für Afrikanistik) 1999.
«Limestone votive pine cone», in: https://picryl.com/media/limestone-votive-pine-cone-b0d536 Accessed on 18/ 12/ 2022.
«Leiden-RMO-07 003 Roman, background fixed to FF9933, ERL11007», in:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/horemachet/2193871128/in/photostream/ Accessed on 8/ 11/ 2022.
Lodwick, L.: «Identifying Ritual Deposition of Plant Remains: A Case Study of Stone Pine Cones in Roman Britain», TRAC, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Reading Oxford (Oxbow Books) 2014.
Luerker, M.: Dictionary of Deities and Symbols in Ancient Egypt, translated by: Salah El-Din Ramadan &Mahmoud Maher, Cairo (Madbouly Library) 2000.
Mayers, D.: The Religious Landscape of Carrawburgh, Project: Modelling Carrawburgh, University of Glasgow 2017. https://debmayers.com/doc/Mayers_ReligiousLandscapeCarrawburgh.pdf/ Accessed on 18/ 12/ 2022.
Noureddine, A, H: Mawāqc al-Aʾṯār al-Yunānīya wal-Rumānīya fī Miṣr, 1st ed., Cairo (Arabian Gulf for printing and publishing) 1999.
«Portrait d'homme barbu», in: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_ d%E2%80%99 homme_barbu.jpg. / Accessed on 6/ 12/ 2022.
Proeva, N.: Non-Figural Motifs on the Roman Funerary Stelae from Upper Macedonia (Problems of Dating and Interpretation), vol.7, 147- 158, 2017. DOI: 10.18688/aa177-1-16.
Quaegebeur, J.: Mummy- labels: An Orientation, in: TextesGrecs, Demotiques et Bilingues, edited by: Boswinkel, E. & Pest man, P., American Society of Papyrologists, Leiden) Brill (1978.
Ramage, N.H., & Ramage, A.: Roman Art, Romulus to Constantine, 2nd ed., Cambridge, London (Laurence King) 1995.
Riggs, C.: «Facing the Dead»: Recent Research on the Funerary Art of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, American Journal of Archaeology 106/1, the Archaeological Institute of America, 2002, 85–101.
Saad, A: «Unpublished Funerary Stele from EL ashmunein Archaeological Magazine (INV.Nº. 678) », Journal of Human Studies, Faculty of Arts 26, 2022, 127-140.
Schmidt, S.: Grabreliefs im griechisch-römischen Museum von Alexandria, Achet-Verlag, Dr Norbert Dürring (Berlin) 2003.
Schneider, D.: «Four Romano-Egyptian Tomb-Reliefs», Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 50 ,1975, 9-12.
«Stele funeraria di fanciullo con in mano una colomba e un grappolo d’uva», https://collezioni.museoegizio.it/it-IT/material/S_18110 Accessed on 2/ 11/ 2022.
Svoboda, M., & Caroline, R. C.: Mummy Portraits of Roman Egypt Emerging, Los Angeles (Research from the APPEAR Project, J. Paul Getty Museum) 2020.
Syring, PH.: Symbols in Art-Religions-Life, translated by: Abdel-Hadi ABBAS, (Dār Damašq) 1992.
Thomas, T.: Late Antique Egyptian Funerary Sculpture: Images for this World and the Next Princeton, Princeton (Princeton University Press) 2000.
Thompson, D, L.: Mummy Portraits in The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California, 1982.
Török, L: Transfigurations of Hellenism: Aspects of Late Antique Art in Egypt, A.D. 250-700, Leiden (Martinus Nijhoff, Koninklijke Brill NV) 2005.
Vermeule, C. & Brauer, A.: «Stone Sculptures: The Greek, Roman and Etruscan Collections of the Harvard University Art Museums», MA thesis, Harvard University, Art Museums, Cambridge, 1990.
Yilmaz, H., Akkemik, Ü., & Karagoz, Ş.: «Identification of Plant Figures on Stone Statues and Sarcophaguses and their Symbols »: The Hellenistic and Roman Periods of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 13/2, 2013, 135-145. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 254 PDF Download: 455 |
||
