STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF DETERIORATION PHENOMENA OF DOUBLE FACED WALLS IN ISLAMIC MONUMENTS IN CAIRO, WITH APPLICATION FOR RESTORATION ON SOME SELECTED BUILDINGS | ||
| حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى" | ||
| Article 111, Volume 14, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 326-354 PDF (2.75 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/cguaa.2011.298095 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sayed HEMEDA1; El-Sayed EL-BANNA2; Ibrahim EL-EMAM3 | ||
| 1Lecturer, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| 2Professor, Conservation Department,Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| 3Ms.c, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Multiple leaf- masonry -walls are one of the most important, immediate and characteristic features of Islamic architecture. In Cairo much of masonry monuments have been constructed along different periods on this unique style. Many years ago, where it has been built from two external stone block leaves and another one internal core leaf in a variety of materials and forms. Damage analysis and assessment of multiple leaf- masonry walls have to bear in mind the conservation philosophy, which is essentially leaving the structure as found, with minimal intervention whenever possible. The intervention should be sympathetic to the original character of the building and carrying out to maintain its structural stability. A detailed investigation relies on the previous experience of engineering, restoration as well as understanding of the short comings of theoretical calculations and assumed loads versus actual behavior and loading structural monitoring of critical elements to check movements as well as crack growth is important in reaching a final conclusion. Core samples and non- destructive load testing results are also obtained and used to verify analysis and observations. Predicting the behaviour of multiple-leaf masonry walls is a challenging issue, given the influence of a wide range of factors as the mechanical properties of the two external leaves and internal core materials, their dimensions and the way they are connected to each other. In the present paper, experimental results in specimens are carefully analyzed and reviewed. Simplified calculations for practical assessment of existing walls are also addressed. Two main case studies in respect of multiple leaf- masonry walls are studied. The first one as an example for the bearing walls in historical buildings is Wkallah Radwan Bik Al-Fakari. The second one as an example for the retaining wall is Sultan El-Ghouri palace wall remains. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Islamic monuments; multiple leaf- masonry walls; cracking; deterioration phenomena; monitoring; restoration; grouting | ||
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