مبدأ التقاضي على درجتين في التشريع المصري وتطبيقاته في القضاء الإداري وموقف الفقه الإسلامي منه | ||
| مجلة الشريعة والقانون بالقاهرة | ||
| Volume 41, Issue 41, April 2023, Pages 1485-1551 PDF (1.01 M) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mawq.2023.302751 | ||
| Author | ||
| هويدا أحمد عبد الله حفني | ||
| Abstract | ||
| يهدف البحث الى إبراز حقيقة التقاضي على درجتين في قضاء مجلس الدولة المصري, علاوة على توضيح موقف الفقه الإسلامي منه. وقد اتبعت في بحثي المنهج التحليلي المقارن؛ فالدراسة تحليلية مقارنة, علاوة على المنهج التاريخي الذي سيتناول التطورات التاريخية التي يتطلبها البحث. وقد توصل البحث لعدة نتائج منها: أن للفقه الإسلامي قَدم السبق في تقرير مبدأ التقاضي على درجتين, كما أنه من أهم المبادئ الدستورية, وعلى الرغم من عدم النص صراحة على درجتي التقاضي في الدساتير المتعاقبة إلا أنه يعتبر من المبادئ الدستورية لأهميته الموضوعية, وبعد صدور حكم المحكمة الدستورية العليا بعدم دستورية المادة (104) من قانون مجلس الدولة, والمادة (25) مكررًا من قانون هيئة قضايا الدولة؛ فتنفيذًا لهذين الحكمين فقد تم إعادة توزيع اختصاصات دوائر محكمة القضاء الإداري بالقاهرة والمحافظات الأخرى وتحديد اختصاصاتها, والذي جعل من بين اختصاصات الدائرة الثانية لمحكمة القضاء الإداري النظر في المنازعات الإدارية الخاصة بأعضاء مجلس الدولة, وأعضاء هيئة قضايا الدولة, وطلبات التعويض المرتبطة بها. وكان من توصيات البحث: ضرورة تفعيل قانون المرافعات الخاص بمجلس الدولة, حتى يحسم كل نزاع حول الإجراءات الواجب إتباعها أمام محاكمه, وأن يطبق الأثر المطلق للأحكام الصادرة بعدم الدستورية بالنسبة للنصوص المثيلة, وأن يعامل أعضاء هيئة النيابة الإدارية على غرار أقرانهم من أعضاء كل من مجلس الدولة وهيئة قضايا الدولة, وأن يُنظر في التنظيم الداخلي لمجلس الدولة وخاصة قسمه القضائي, للوقوف على درجة الاستئناف وضمانها لجميع المنازعات الإدارية. The research aims to highlight the fact that two degrees of litigation are being conducted in the Egyptian State Council, as well as the position of Islamic jurisprudence on it. In my research, I have followed the comparative analytical approach; The study is comparative analytical, in addition to the historical approach that will address the historical developments that research will require. The research has led to several conclusions, including that Islamic jurisprudence has given precedence in determining the principle of two degrees of litigation and is one of the most important constitutional principles. Although the two degrees of litigation are not expressly provided for in successive constitutions, it is considered a constitutional principle of its substantive importance, following the Supreme Constitutional Court's decision of the unconstitutionality of Article (104) of the Law on the Council of State and Article (25) bis of the Law on the State Lawsuits Authority; In implementation of these two provisions, the powers of the Administrative Court of Justice in Cairo and other governorates were redistributed and their competencies determined. This made the jurisdiction of the Second Chamber of the Administrative Court of Justice to consider administrative disputes concerning members of the State Council, members of the State Lawsuits Authority, and related compensation requests. Among the recommendations of the research were: the need to activate the Law of Pleadings of the State Council in order to resolve every dispute on the procedures to be followed before its courts; the application of the absolute effect of rulings of unconstitutionality in relation to similar texts; the members of the Administrative Prosecution Authority should be treated like their peers from both the State Council and the State Lawsuits Authority; and the internal organization of the State Council, especially its judicial section, to determine the degree of appeal and to guarantee it for all administrative disputes. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| التقاضي; الإداري; الدستورية; الإجراءات; الاستئناف. Litigation; Administrative; Constitutional; Procedure; Appeal | ||
| References | ||
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أولاً: القرآن الكريم:
ثانيًا: كتب الحديث ومتونه وشروحه والتخريج والزوائد:
ثالثًا: مراجع الفقه المذهبي والفقه العام:
رابعًا: كتب السياسة الشرعية والقضاء:
خامسًا: كتب ابن القيم:
سادسًا: كتب عامة وحديثة في الشريعة الإسلامية:
سابعًا: الفقه القانوني:
ثامنًا: أحكام المحكمة الدستورية والمحاكم الإدارية - الإدارية العليا - ومحكمة القضاء الإداري ومحكمة النقض:
تاسعًا:الدساتير والتشريعات والقرارات والأبحاث والمحاضرات والمجلات والمواقع العلمية والجريدة الرسمية والوقائع المصرية:
عاشرًا: الرسائل العلمية:
حادي عشر: مراجع ومعاجم اللغة العربية والفقهية:
ثاني عشر: المراجع الأجنبية:
Reference index
First, the Holy Koran:
Secondly, he wrote the Hadith, its content, its explanations, graduation, and appendices:
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15- Musnad al-Bazar published as Al-Bahr al-Zakhar, author: Abu Bakr Ahmed bin Amr bin Abdul-Khaleq bin Khalid bin Obaidallah al-Atki, known as al-Bazar (dead: 292h), investigator: Mahfouz al-Rahman Zainallah (achieved parts 1-9), Adel bin Saad (achieved parts 10-17), and Sabri Abdul Khaleq al-Shafei (achieved part 18), publisher: Library of Science and Governance - Medina al-Munawara, first edition: (started 1988, ended 2009), parts 18.
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18- Neil Al-Awtar, author: Mohammed bin Ali bin Mohammed bin Abdullah Al-Shawkani Al-Yemeni (Dead: 1250 A.H.), Investigation: Essam Eddine Al-Sabbati, publisher: Dar Al-Hadith, Egypt, first edition, 1413 A.H.-1993.
Third: References to Doctrinal Jurisprudence and Jurisprudence:
19- Islamic Jurisprudence and Evidence (comprehensive of Sharia Evidence, Doctrinal Opinions, Most Important Theological Theological Theories, Realization and Graduation of Prophetic Hadith), author: A. D. Wehbe Ben Mustafa Al-Zahaili, Professor and Head of the Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Fundamentals at the University of Damascus - College of Sharia, publisher: Dar al-Fikr - Syria - Damascus, Fourth Revised Edition (twelfth edition for its photographic editions), part number: 10.
20- Singer Ibn Qaddama, author: Abu Muhammad Muwafaq al-Din Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Qaddama al-Jamaili al-Maqdisi then al-Damashki al-Hanbali, famous as Ibn Qaddama al-Maqdisi (died: 620h), publisher: Cairo Library, edition: no edition, publication date: 1388h-1968m, number of parts: 10.
21- Courtesy of Imam Al-Shafi'i Fiqh, author: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali bin Yousef Al-Shirazi (deceased: 476h), publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya, number of parts: 3.
Legal Policy and Judiciary Books
22- The Royal Provisions of the Fur, author: Judge Abu Ya'ali, Mohammed Bin Al-Hussein Bin Mohamed Bin Khalaf Ibn Al-Fura (dead: 458H), corrected and commented on: Mohamed Hamed Al-Fiqi, publisher: Scientific Books House - Beirut, Lebanon, second edition, 1421H - 2000 A.M., number of parts: 1, c1.
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Fifth, Ibn Al-Qaim wrote:
25- Information of the signatories on the Lord of the Worlds, author: Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Ayyub ibn Sa'ad Shams al-Din ibn Qayim al-Jawziyya (Deceased: 751H), investigation: Muhammad Abdel Salam Ibrahim, publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya - Yurut, first edition, 1411H - 1991, parts number 4.
Public and Modern Books on Islamic Law
26- ED/Muhammad Raafat Othman - The Judicial System in Islamic Jurisprudence - Publisher: Dar Al-Bayan, Second Edition 1415 A.H. - 1994 A.D., Parts 1.
27- A.D./Nasr Farid Muhammad Wasil - Judiciary and System of Justice in Islam - Second Edition, 1403 A.H.-1982, Amanat Press.
Jurisprudence:
General Books:
28- Dr. Ibrahim Shiha - Political Systems and Constitutional Law - Analysis of the Egyptian Constitutional System, Knowledge Facility, Alexandria, 2000.
29- Anwar Ahmed Raslan, Administrative Judicial Mediator, Publisher: Arab Renaissance, 1999.
30- Dr. Zaki Mohamed Al-Najjar - Al-Wajeez in the Administrative Judiciary and the Constitutional Judiciary, T: Dar Nur Al-Islam, 2018/2019.
31- Dr. Sulaiman Mohammed Al-Tamawi - Administrative Judiciary - Book One - The Court of Annulment - 1986. Bound for Printing and Publishing: House of Arab Thought.
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33- Dr. Abdel Raouf Mahdi - Explanation of General Rules of Criminal Procedure - Publisher: Dar al-Nahdah al-Arabiyya, Dar al-Iman printing house, 2015,
34- Fuad Mohammed Al-Nadi - Administrative Judiciary - Printing House of Engineering, 2018 - 1439 A.H.
35- Fuad Mohammed Al Nadi- Political Systems, Constitutional Law and Constitutional Developments of the Revolution of January 25, 2011 - Engineering House, T 2013.
36- Fuad Mohammed Al-Nadi - Political Systems and Constitutional Law - Printing House of Engineering, 10th Edition 1437 A.H.-2015.
37- Dr. Maamoun Mohamed Salama - The Code of Criminal Procedure, commenting on the jurisprudence and verdicts of cassation - 1980 edition - The Magazine of Judges - The Judges' Club, Dar Gharib Printing Press, Organization of the Criminal Judiciary.
38- Dr. Mohsen Khalil - The Constitutional System in Egypt - Al-Nashir - The House of the Arab Renaissance - Al-Toni Press.
39- Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Darwish, A.D./Ibrahim Mohamed Darwish - Constitutional Law "General Theory. The Foundations of the Egyptian Constitutional System" - Egyptian General Book Authority, 2019, Family Library. Special edition: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabi.
40- A.D./Mohamed Fouad Abdel Basset - Administrative Judiciary "Principle of Legality - Organization and Competences of the State Council -" Legal Library - p. 2005.
41- ED/Mahmoud Atef Al-Banna - Mediator in the Administrative Judiciary - Fourth Edition, 2012.
42- Consultant Dr. Mahmoud Ali Ahmed Madani - Role of the Constitutional Judiciary in clarifying constitutional concepts "comparative study" - first edition, Arab Renaissance House, 2016.
Specialized Books:
43- Dr. Ahmed Salama Badr - Litigation before the Courts of the State Council - Publisher: Arab Renaissance House, 2003.
44- Dr. Bakri Youssef Bakri - Trial and Methods of Appealing Verdicts, 2011 edition, University School of Thought.
45- Counselor/Hamdi Yassine Okasha - Administrative Proceedings in the State Council Judiciary - Legal Library - Publisher: Knowledge Facility in Alexandria - p. 1998.
46- ED/Sabri Mohamed Al-Senussi Mohamed - Proceedings before the Administrative Judiciary - Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiyya, 2nd edition, 2010.
47- Dr. Abdul Raouf Hashim Bassiouni - The Administrative Proceedings "Procedures for Filing and Preparing Administrative Proceedings", Dar al-Fikr al-Jamia, 2008.
48- Amr Emad Abdel Moneim - Proceedings before the Administrative Judiciary - without a date.
49- A.D./Fouad Mohamed Al-Nadi - Administrative Arguments "Litigation Proceedings before the Courts of the Egyptian State Council" - Edition: 1443 A.H. - 2021/2022.
50- Counselor Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Attiya - Litigation procedures before the State Council and the Supreme Constitutional Court "Analytical study in the light of the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Supreme Constitutional Court" - Edition: 2011.
51- Consultant Dr. Mohamed Abdel Hamid Massoud - The Problems of Litigation Proceedings before the Administrative Judiciary "General Theory of Administrative Litigation from its Establishment to Sentencing" - Publisher: Knowledge Facility, Legal Books, 2009.
52- Dr. Mohamed Fawzi Nowaiji - Appeal to the Administrative Judiciary - Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya - 2015.
53- Counselor Dr. Mohamed Maher Abul-Enein - Administrative Proceedings and Motions in State Council Courts between the Cassation Court and the Supreme Administrative Court Justice in accordance with the amendments to the Code of Procedure and the rulings of the Supreme Constitutional Court - 8th Edition, 2010, Abul Magd Printing House.
Decisions of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Administrative Courts, the Administrative Court and the Court of Cassation
54- Judgment in Appeal No. 1612 of 8 BC, session 11/06/1966.
55- Judgment in Appeal No. 3338 of 32 A.H., 4/6/1988.
56- Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 26 November 1988, in Appeal No. 1299 of 32 BC, Series of 34, C1.
57- 4/4/1970 Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court, in Appeal No. 631/12 BC, Judgements of the Supreme Administrative Court in 15 years from 1865 to 1980, Part II.
58- Ruling of the Supreme Constitutional Court in Case No. 125/35/2018.
59- The Supreme Constitutional Court ruled on 6 February 2021 in Case No. 82 of 41 Constitutional Years.
60- Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court in Appeal No. 948 of 27 BC, 27/4/1984, S.29.
61- Judgment in Appeal No. 770 of 5 years, 18/02/1961, Technical Office No. 6, G2.
62- Judgment in Appeal No. 2501 of 6C, session 22/03/1964 - Technical Office 9.
Ninth: Constitutions, legislation, decisions, research, lectures, magazines, scientific websites, the official newspaper, and Egyptian facts:
63- Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 1923.
64- Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 1954.
65- Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 1956.
66- Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 1971.
67- Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2012.
68- Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014.
69- Judicial Authority Law No. 46 of 1972, as amended by Law No. 142 of 2006 on 29 June 2006 and amended by Law No. 77 of 26 June 2019.
70- The Prime Minister's decision on a draft law amending certain provisions of the State Council Law promulgated by Law No. 47 of 1972 No. 12/1/38 of 19/06/2016.
71- Decree of the President of the State Council No. (584) of 2019 published in the Egyptian Chronicles, Supplement to the Official Gazette issued on Thursday, Muharram 27, 1441 A.H., corresponding to September 26, 2019, Year 193 A.H., No. (215) (continued), redistributing the competencies of the Administrative Judiciary Court in Cairo and other governorates and determining their competencies.
72- Decree No. 684 of 2021 of the President of the Council of State redistributing the competences of the Administrative Court of Justice in Cairo and other governorates and determining their competences.
73- Dr. Ali Murad - The right to sue for two degrees in the administrative judiciary "These courts of first instance are long overdue": https://legal-agenda.com
74- Dr. Ayman Mohamed Fathi Ramis - Theory of Appeals in Administrative Judiciary "Comparative Study" - Doctoral Thesis - Department of Public Law - Faculty of Law - Ain Shams University - 2012.
75- Dr. Khaled Waheed Ismail - The Role of the Egyptian Judiciary in the Protection of Public Rights and Freedoms - Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Sharia and Law, Department of Public Law, Al-Azhar University, Cairo branch, 2016.
76- Dr. Abdel Monsef Abdel Fattah Mohammed Idriss - Monitoring of Suitability in the Constitutional Judiciary - [Comparative study] A letter for a doctorate in law - Ain Shams University - in 2011.
77- Consultant Dr. Mahmoud Ali Ahmed Madani - Role of the Constitutional Judiciary in clarifying constitutional concepts "comparative study" - first edition, Arab Renaissance House, 2016.
78- Dr. Nasser Saud Marzouk Al-Badha Al-Rashidi - the role of the constitutional judiciary in the protection of public rights and freedoms "comparative study" - doctoral thesis - faculty of law - Ain Shams University, 2016.
References and dictionaries of Arabic and Fiqh:
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80- Definitions: Ali bin Mohammed bin Ali al-Zein al-Sharif al-Jurjani (Deceased: 816H), Investigator: Seized and corrected by a group of scholars under the supervision of the publisher, Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya Beirut-Lebanon, First Edition: 1403H-1983, Parts No. 1.
81- Dictionary of Jurisprudence: Language and Terminology, Author: Dr. Saadi Abu Habib, Publisher: House of Thought. Damascus - Syria, second edition 1408 H = 1988 A.M., Photo: 1993 A.M., Parts No.
82- Dictionary of All - Arabic Dictionary - https://WWW.almaany.com
Foreign references:
83- Marc Gjidara: The contract of appeal against contentious administration Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 51,2-2014. | ||
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