Investigation on Common Influenza Viruses Affecting Chickens and Ducks in Egypt | ||
| Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ | ||
| Article 3, Volume 28, Issue 2, December 2023, Pages 285-302 PDF (731.67 K) | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/scvmj.2023.310673 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ahmed A. H. Ali1; Shimaa M.G. Mansour1; Sozun M. Hefny1; Serageldeen Sultan* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 44511, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Microbiology, Virology Division, Faculty of South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Influenza viruses (IVs) consist of Alphainfluenzavirus (Influenzavirus A), Betainfluenzavirus (Influenzavirus B), Gammainfluenzavirus (Influenzavirus C), Deltainfluenzavirus (Influenzavirus D), Isavirus, Mykissvirus, Sardinovirus, Quarajavirus and Thogotovirus genera in the family Orthomyxoviridae. Owing to their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA), diversity in poultry influenza A virus is further categorized into 16 HA (H1–H16) and 9 NA (N1–N9) subtypes. However, these glycoprotein subtypes are 20 HA and 11 NA in mammals. The pathogenicity of avian IVs (AIVs) in birds exhibits a high pathogenic (HP) form of AIV which causes severe deaths among birds or a low pathogenic (LP) form of AIV where birds look normal. The H5 subtype is a considerable risk to the human population even if it is a low pathogenic one. The co-circulation of HPAIV and LPAIV subtypes among different avian species in Egypt detrimental effect on the national economy. H5N1, H5N2, H5N8, and H9N2 viruses will be addressed in this review as the predominant subtypes in Egypt. The contribution of migratory wild birds in maintaining the endemicity of AIV LPAIV or HPAIV among domesticated poultry will also be clarified. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Avian influenza; Egypt; HPAI; LPAI; common subtypes | ||
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