Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||
| Article 7, Volume 62, Issue 11, November 2019, Pages 2047-2060 PDF (1.83 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.10960.1702 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Samia Ibrahim Shraa1; Abdel Aleem Solyman Abo Elmagd2; Al-Sayed Aly Bakr1; Yasser Mohamed Moustafa1; Ibrahim Mohamed Abd El-Aziz* 3; Ahmad Shabana2 | ||
| 1Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 2Al-Azhar University, Chemistry Department, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 3Forgery & Counterfeiting Department, Forensic Medicine Authority, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In the forensic document examination, the determination of the chronological order of intersection strokes of the toner and ballpoint inks is a paramount challenge issue. Two types of intersection are prepared on three different types of paper. A digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy are two nondestructive techniques used to determine these sequences via cross lines. Four physical characteristics observed at intersection point under the digital microscope were a specular reflection, the ink gloss, the ink spreading and gap. The results of the digital microscope determined the two types of intersections strokes except the red color of ink over toner. The results of Raman spectroscopy showed that the spectrum results at the intersection point similar to the pure ink executed later. The complementary technique of Raman spectroscopy and the digital microscope were necessary to achieve a complete determination of the sequences intersection strokes of the toner and ballpoint ink. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Forensic document examination; Strokes intersection; Ballpoint inks; Toner laser printer; Raman spectroscopy; Digital Microscope | ||
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