النظام القانوني للسفن غير المأهولة في ضوء القانون الدولي للبحار

1 - اللغة الإنجليزية :

1. Aldo Chircop, Testing International Legal Regimes: The Advent of Automated Commercial Vessels, Dalhousie University, Canada, 2018
2. Adam James Fenton, Ukraine: how uncrewed boats are changing the way wars are fought at sea Coventry University, UK, 2023
3. An Evaluation of the Shipowner’s Liability Challenges Arising out of Autonomous and Remote-Controlled Vessels, University of Oslo ,2020
4. B. S. Rivkin, Unmanned Ships: Navigation and More, Gyroscopy and navigation, Russia, Vol. 12, 2021
5. Being a responsible industry, Maritime Autonomous Ship Systems (MASS) UK Industry Conduct Principles and Code of Practice, A Voluntary Code Version 5, Maritime UK, 2021
6. Being a responsible industry, Maritime Autonomous Ship Systems (MASS) UK Industry Conduct Principles and Code of Practice, A Voluntary Code Version 6, Maritime UK, 2022
7. Being a responsible industry: an Industry Code of Practice, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), UK Industry Conduct Principles and Code of Practice, Society of Maritime Industries, UK, 2019
8. Danish Maritime Authority, analysis of regulatory barriers to the use of autonomous ships, final report, 2017
9. Hannes Gosch, legal analysis of collision liability in the context of unmanned shipping, Graduate Thesis, Lund University, Sweden, 2019
10.   Henrik Ringbom, Regulating Autonomous Ships-Concepts, Challenges, and Precedents, Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law, University of Oslo, Norway, 2019
11.   Juan Pablo Rodriguez, The Legal Challenges of Unmanned Ships in the Private Maritime Law: What Laws Would You Change, University Carlos III de Madrid, 2018
12.   Joel Coito, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: New Possibilities-and Challenges-in Ocean Law and Policy, the Stockton Center for International Law, Volume 97, USA, 2021
13.   Koji Wariishi, maritime autonomous surface ships: development trends and prospects how digitalization drives changes in the marine industry, Global Strategic Studies Institute, 2019
14.   Legal challenges of liability in collisions arising from the development of autonomous and unmanned shipping; international and Norwegian perspective, faculty of law, university of Oslo, Norway, 2019
15.   Luci Carey, All Hands-off Deck? The Legal Barriers to Autonomous Ships, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Law, 2017
16.   Liability of Autonomous Ship: The Scandinavian perspective How the liability regimes shall be regulated in the Scandinavian region?, Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law, University of Oslo
17.   Michel Farach, A sea trolley problem: An exploration of the impact of unmanned vessels on maritime law, University of London, 2020
18.   Michael Boviatsis, George Vlachos, Sustainable Operation of Unmanned Ships under Current International Maritime Law, University of Piraeus, Greece, 2022
19.   Martin R. Leopardi, Autonomous Shipping: Some Reflections on Navigational Rights and Rescue at Sea, 2023   
20.   Maritime unmanned navigation through intelligence in networks: legal and liability analysis for remote-controlled vessels, the European Commission, the seventh framework program, 2013
21.   Marine Accident Report, Collision between US Navy Destroyer John S McCain and Tanker Alnic MC Singapore Strait, 5 Miles Northeast of Horsburgh Lighthouse, National Transportation Safety Board, USA, 2017
22.   Maritime Safety Committee, Regulatory Scoping Exercise for the use of maritime autonomous ships (MASS), 99th session, 2018
23.   Natalie Klein, Maritime Autonomous Vehicles within the International Law Framework to Enhance Maritime Security, Stockton Center for International Law, V9, 2019
24.  Mohamed Mahmoud Feyala, Maritime Accident Investigation, Practising Law Institute (PLI), USA, 2022
25.   Oda Loe Fastvold, Legal Challenges for Unmanned Ships in International Law of the Sea, the arctic university of Norway, Norway
26.    Pol Deketelaere, The legal challenges of unmanned vessels, master thesis, university of Ghent, Belgium, 2017
27.    Robert Veal, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: select regulation and liabilities, University of Southampton, UK, p4, 2018 
28.    Stephen Li, K.S. Fung, Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS): implementation and legal issues, Maritime Business Review Vol. 4 No. 4, China, 2019
29.    T. Porathe, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) and the COLREGS: Do We Need Quantified Rules or Is “the Ordinary Practice of Seamen” Specific Enough? The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Volume 13, Norway, 2019
30.   The outcome of the regulatory scoping exercise for the use of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), MSC.1/Circ.1638, 2012
31.   Tomotsugu Noma, Existing conventions and unmanned ships – need for changes? World Maritime University, Master thesis, 2016
32.   Yen-Chiang Chang, Chao Zhang, Nannan Wang, The international legal status of the unmanned maritime vehicles, Marine Policy, 2020

1. https://e.huawei.com/topic/leading-new-ict-ua/yangshan-port-case.html
2. https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases/2018/03-12-2018-rr-and-finferries-demonstrate-worlds-first-fully-autonomous-ferry.aspx
3. https://www.yara.com/news-and-media/media-library/press-kits/yara-birkeland-press-kit/
4. https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Safety-of-Life-at-Sea-(SOLAS),-1974.aspx
5.   https://www.un.org/ar/conferences/drug/vienna1988
6.   https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/Pages/WhatsNew-1749.aspx
7.   https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/MASS.aspx
8.   https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Autonomous-shipping.aspx
9. https://wiersholm.no/en/newsletter/liability-for-damage-caused-by-autonomous-ships-a-norwegian-perspective.

2 - اللغة العربية

أ - الاتفاقيات الدولية :

1. إتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لقانون البحار UNCLOS
2. الاتفاقية الدولية لمعايير التدريب والإجازة والخفارة للملاحين STCW
3. إتفاقية اللوائح الدولية لمنع التصادم في البحر    COLREGs 
4. الإتفاقية الدولية لسلامة الحياة في البحار SOLAS  
5. إتفاقية العمل البحري MLC
6. الإتفاقية الدولية لتوحيد بعض قواعد القانون فيما يتعلق بالتصادم
7. الإتفاقية الدولية لمنع التلوث من السفن MARPOL 
8. إتفاقية تحديد المسؤولية عن المطالبات البحرية LLMC

ب - التشريعات الوطنية :

1. القانون المدني المصري، قانون رقم ١٣١ لسنة ١٩٤٨ بإصدار القانون المدني وفقاً لآخر تعديل صادر في ١٣ أكتوبر عام ٢٠٢١
   1. The Norwegian Maritime Code, 1994, with later amendments up to and including, 2010
   2. The Spanish Civil Code, 2016