Water quality for some Dialysis Centers of Hospitals in Sharqia Governorate and its Improvement Approaches | ||
| International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Research | ||
| Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2023, Pages 119-124 PDF (367.27 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijtar.2023.186094.1015 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mona Ezzat Abd El Tawab* 1; Rawhia Abdel Monam Arafa2; Ayman Helmy Kamel3; Ghadir El said Daigham2 | ||
| 1General Administration of Environmental Monitoring, MoHp | ||
| 2Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar Banat University, Youssef Abbas Street, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Hemodialysis patients are exposed to 500 liters of water per week compared to healthy individuals who ingest 12 liters orally. This research aims to evaluate dialysis water quality to design a dialysis water safety plan (DWSP) appropriate to the conditions of each unit and water quality to avoid morbidity and mortality caused by dialysis pollutants. This study was conducted in 21 dialysis centers in 16 hospitals from April 2020 until March 2021. 192 samples of the hospital's drinking water were taken before treatment, and 271 samples were taken after treatment. American standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater were used in the chemical and microbiological examination. Results for drinking water matched the Egyptian standard, except for 1.56% of total dissolved solids, a percentage of Total coliform, and Escherichia coli 1.04%. However, chemically in dialysis water samples, residual chlorine and cadmium are not applicable in one sample. Also, ammonia and nitrite are non-applicable, but at the same time applicable to other international standards. Microbiology is not applicable for Total coliform and Escherichia coli in (2.2%), Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and total bacterial counts (0.7%). DWSP-recommended correction measures, however, made all samples applicable. Following the recommended DWSP correction measures, all samples were applicable. Therefore, it is necessary to have DWSP and implement it within each dialysis unit according to the water source quality, and the ability of the unit’s components to treat it, to provide safe dialysis water that meets the standards to protect the health of dialysis patients | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Hemodialysis; drinking water; ammonia; E. coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
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