LEACHING OF METALS FROM SPENT BUTTON AND COIN CELLS | ||
| Journal of Environmental Science | ||
| Volume 52, Issue 4, April 2023, Pages 1-14 PDF (585.44 K) | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jes.2023.192805.1472 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Alaa A. El-Gamaci* 1; Taha M. A. Razek* 2; Mostafa M. H. Khalil* 3; Sayed H. Khater* 4 | ||
| 1Faculty of Dentistry, Future University, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Egypt | ||
| 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt | ||
| 4Chemical Engineering Dept., National Research Center (NRC), Dokki, Giza | ||
| Abstract | ||
| As a result of accelerated technical and technological development, electronic waste has become a prime environmental threat for its high amount and toxicity. Recently the request for portable devices has increased fiercely such as smart watches, insulin pumps, remote controls etc. Therefore, to power up these portable devices, a particular batteries known as button and coin cells are widely used nowadays. These cells are made of heavy metals which are highly toxic at low concentrations, also they cannot be degraded or destroyed. This work focuses on recovering heavy metals from spent button cells and dissolution of spent button cells as a whole contrasting with other studies performed where crushing of manual dismantle were applied. Different acids were tried (Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric with different concentrations). The search for ideal dissolution conditions was performed by examining different variables: acid molarity, temperature, time and solid/liquid ratio on both alkaline and silver button batteries separately. Results revealed that the ideal conditions are as follows: 7.0 M HNO3, 30 0C, 30 mins, and 2:50 S/L ratio of spent batteries. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Exausted Batteries; digestion; nitric acid; hydrometallurgy; urban mining | ||
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