THE EFFECT OF HERD MANAGEMENT AND MATERNAL FACTORS ON CALVES HYGIENE | ||
| Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production | ||
| Article 9, Volume 7, Issue 8, December 2023, Pages 71-85 PDF (998.51 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjapfp.2023.246511.1016 | ||
| Authors | ||
| , S Elkaschab; S Omar; Elham Ghoneim; Asmaa S.; E. Eldahshan, | ||
| Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Menufia University. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| ABSTRACT: Records of 1810 growing Holstein calves, born in 2018 to 2019; from birth up to weaning, were used in this study to declare the effects of management and maternal factors (housing system, season, gender, birth weight, dam parity and calving interval) on different diseases. Non-parametric correlation coefficients among diseases were done. These records are from a commercial farm named El-Baiomy dairy farm located in Gamasa-Dakahlia province, Egypt. The calves were housed in two different housing systems. The first one (semi-indoor) the calves were housed individually in special boxes (with a floor of iron insulated with a plastic layer and raised from the ground by 20 cm) for the first 21 days after birth and then they were relocated in conventional boxes on sand bedding till weaning. On the other hand, the calves in station 2 (outdoor housing systems) were housed directly after birth in the conventional calf's boxes. About 1026 calves (56.66%) exposed to different diseases. The highest incidence of diarrhea was 53.15% in semi indoor system but it was 46.84% in outdoor system. Furthermore, outdoor system recorded the highest incidence of pneumonia, navel ill, lameness, weakness, arthritis and conjunctivitis (71.87%, 100%, 56.50%, 94.91%, 53.33% and 74.19% respectively). Winter season was associated with the highest incidence of calves' diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, arthritis, weakness, lameness and conjunctivitis (37.80%, 42.60%, 36.55%, 40.00%, 38.98% and 31.25%, respectively). This confirmed that 1) The importance of warming the calves, especially through good and comfortable bedding; 2) Protect the calves from the air currents; 3) Maintaining the cleanliness of the bedding under the animals. Males recorded the highest incidence of diarrhea (P˂0.05), pneumonia (P˂0.01), lumpy skin (P˃0.05), lameness (P˂0.05), weakness (P˂0.01), arthritis (P˃0.05) and conjunctivitis (P˂0.01) (56.90%, 65.20%, 63.60%, 81.30%, 88.10%, 66.70% and 68.80% respectively). This may be due to using artificial suckling systems based on milk replacers for male only. Calving interval had not any significanteffect (P˃0.05) on the incidence of calves' diseases. The calves that born from 1st parity dams recorded the highest incidence of diarrhea, pneumonia, arthritis and conjunctivitis (36.99%, 33.70%, 46.66% and 31.18 % resp), which need intensive care. Some calves diseases correlated positively or negatively significant (P˂0.05) with other diseases which needs more research studies. But the negative association between diarrhea and the rest of the diseases was due to the drugs and treatments, intensive care, used to treat diarrhea have an effect in preventing other diseases. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Housing system; season; gender; birth weight; dam parity; calving interval; pneumonia; navel ill; lameness; weakness; arthritis and conjunctivitis | ||
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