إدراك الجمهور لتأثير الأنظمة الخوارزمية على توزيع المحتوى الإخباري بموقع فيسبوك وعلاقته بسلوكهم التفاعلي

([1]) To direct the Federal Trade Commission to require entities that use, store, or share personal information to conduct automated decision system impact assessments and data protection impact assessments, Retrieved from: www.wyden.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Algorithmic%20Accountability %20Act%20of%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf. date:20 November 2023.

Also see: Booker, Wyden, Clarke Introduce Bill Requiring Companies To Target Bias In Corporate Algorithms, Retrieved from: www.booker.senate.gov/news/press/booker-wyden-clarke-introduce-bill-requiring-companies-to-target-bias-in- corporate-algorithms. at: 27 January 2024.

([1]) John Albert, Not a solution: Meta’s new AI system to contain discriminatory ads, Retrieved from: https://algorithmwatch.org/en/meta-discriminatory-ads. date: 27 January 2024.

([1]) Ada Lovelace, www.adalovelaceinstitute.org, date: 15 November 2023.

([1]) FAT/ML, www.fatml.org, date: 15 November 2023.

([1]) Electronic Frontier Foundation, www.eff.org/ar, date: 15 November 2023.

([1]) The Algorithmic Justice League, www.ajl.org, 19 November 2023.

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Also: Arendse Huld, China’s Sweeping Recommendation Algorithm Regulations in Effect from March 1,www.china-briefing.com/news/china-passes-sweeping-recommendation-algorithm-regulations-effect-march-1-2022/, at: 15 January 2024.

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([1]) Global Algorithmic Trading Market Size By Trading Type (Foreign Exchange (FOREX), Stock Markets), By Component (Solutions, Services), By Geographic Scope And Forecast. www.verifiedmarketresearch.com /product/algorithmic-trading-market/., Date: 27 January 2024.

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([1]) Magalhães,J. C. (2022). Algorithmic resistance as political disengagement. Media International Australia, 183(1), 77-89.‏

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([1]) Ytre-Arne,B., & Moe, H. (2021). Folk theories of algorithms: Understanding digital irritation. op. cit.

([1]) Dogruel, L. (2021). Folk theories of algorithmic operations during Internet use: A mixed methods study. The Information Society, 37(5), 287-298.‏

([1]) Karizat, N., Delmonaco, D., Eslami, M., & Andalibi, N. (2021). Algorithmic folk theories and identity: How TikTok users co-produce Knowledge of identity and engage in algorithmic resistance. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 1-44..‏

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([1]) Archambault, S G. (2022). Exploring Algorithmic Literacy for College Students: An Educator’s Roadmap (Doctoral dissertation, Loyola Marymount University).‏

([1]) Karizat, N., Delmonaco, D., Eslami, M., & Andalibi, N. (2021). Algorithmic folk theories and identity: How TikTok users co-produce Knowledge of identity and engage in algorithmic resistance. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 1-44..‏

([1]) Osoba, O. A., Welser IV, W., & Welser, W. (2017). An intelligence in our image: The risks of bias and errors in artificial intelligence. Rand Corporation.

([1]) O'neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown.

([1]) Diakopoulos, N., & Koliska, M. (2017). Algorithmic transparency in the news media. Digital journalism, 5(7), 809-828.‏

Also: Diakopoulos, N. (2016). Accountability in algorithmic decision making. Communications of the ACM, 59(2), 56-62.

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([1]) Mehri, B. (2017). From Al-Khwarizmi to Algorithm. Olympiads in Informatics, 2017, Vol. 11, Special Issue, 71–74.

([1]) Archambault, S. G. (2022). Exploring Algorithmic Literacy for College Students: An Educator’s Roadmap. op. cit.

([1]) Powers, E. (2017). My news feed is filtered? Awareness of news personalization among college students. op. cit.

([1]) Archambault, S. G. (2022). Exploring Algorithmic Literacy for College Students: An Educator’s Roadmap. op. cit.

([1]) Head, A. J., Fister, B., & MacMillan, M. (2020). Information Literacy in the Age of Algorithms: Student Experiences with News and Information, and the Need for Change. Project Information Literacy.

([1]) Powers, E. (2017). My news feed is filtered? Awareness of news personalization among college students. op. cit.

([1]) Powers, E. (2017). My news feed is filtered? Awareness of news personalization among college students. op. cit.

([1]) Flinterud, G. (2023). ‘Folk’in the Age of Algorithms: Theorizing Folklore on Social Media Platforms. Folklore, 134(4), 439-461.‏

([1]) Archambault, S. G. (2022). Exploring Algorithmic Literacy for College Students: An Educator’s Roadmap. op. cit.

([1]) Diakopoulos, N. (2016). Accountability in algorithmic decision making. Communications of the ACM, 59(2), 56-62.‏

([1]) Archambault, S. G. (2022). Exploring Algorithmic Literacy for College Students: An Educator’s Roadmap. op. cit.

([1]) Diakopoulos, N. (2016). Accountability in algorithmic decision making. op. cit.

([1]) Ibid.‏

([1]) Latzer, M., & Festic, N. (2019). A guideline for understanding and measuring algorithmic governance in everyday life. Internet Policy Review, 8(2).‏

([1]) Shin,D., Zhong, B., & Biocca, F. A. (2020). Beyond user experience: What constitutes algorithmic experiences?. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 102061.‏

([1]) Latzer,M., & Festic, N. (2019). A guideline for understanding and measuring algorithmic governance in everyday life. op. cit.

([1]) Gran, A. B., Booth, P., & Bucher, T. (2021). To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide?. op. cit.

([1]) What is the Quakebot and how does it work?, retrieved from: https://www.latimes.com/la-me-quakebot-faq-20190517-story.html, at:  January 2024.‏

([1]) Latzer,M., & Festic, N. (2019). A guideline for understanding and measuring algorithmic governance in everyday life. op. cit.

([1]) Ibid.

([1]) Anna Stepanov, Changes to News Feed in 2021, retrieved from: https://about.fb.com/news/2021/12/changes-to-news-feed-in-2021/, at: 9th of January 2024.

([1]) Settle, J. E. (2018). Frenemies: How social media polarizes America. Cambridge University Press. P. 35-36.

([1]) Eslami,M., Rickman,A., Vaccaro,K., Aleyasen,A., Vuong,A., Karahalios,K.& Sandvig, C. (2015, April). I always assumed that I wasn't really that close to [her] Reasoning about Invisible Algorithms in News Feeds. op. cit.

([1]) Christina Newberry, 2024 Facebook Algorithm: How to Get Your Content Seen, retrieved from: https://blog.hootsuite.com/facebook-algorithm/#What_is_the_Facebook_algorithm, at, 9th of January 2024.

([1]) Anna Stepanov, Changes to News Feed in 2021, op. cit.

([1]) www.facebook.com/ads/about.‏

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([1]) DeVito, M. A. (2017). From editors to algorithms: A values-based approach to understanding story selection in the Facebook news feed. op. cit.

([1]) Shin, D., Rasul, A., & Fotiadis, A. (2022). Why am I seeing this? Deconstructing algorithm literacy through the lens of users. op. cit.

([1]) Reviewed by: Kilian Vieth and Joanna Bronowicka, based on “The Ethics of Algorithms: from radical content to self-driving cars” with contributions from Zeynep Tufekci, Jillian C. York, Ben Wagner and Frederike Kaltheuner and an event on the Ethics of Algorithms, which took place on March 9-10, 2015 in Berlin. Retrieved from: https://cihr.eu/eoa2015web/. At: 24 Feb. 2024.

()www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2023/12/ip_meta1223%20summaryrecs_ar.pd.

([1]) Flinterud, G. (2023). ‘Folk’in the Age of Algorithms: Theorizing Folklore on Social Media Platforms. Folklore, 134(4), 439-461..

([1]) Karizat, N., Delmonaco, D., Eslami, M., & Andalibi, N. (2021). Algorithmic folk theories and identity: How TikTok users co-produce Knowledge of identity and engage in algorithmic resistance. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 1-44..‏

([1]) Karizat, N., Delmonaco, D., Eslami, M., & Andalibi, N. (2021). Algorithmic folk theories and identity: How TikTok users co-produce Knowledge of identity and engage in algorithmic resistance. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 1-44..‏