النظرية الدينية لنشأة النقود اليونانية "دراسة للنظرية وإمکانية إحيائها"

قائمة المصادر والمراجع

أولاً: المصادر:

اعتمدت الباحثة فى النصوص الیونانیة على الموقع التالى^*: 

Perseus Digital Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/

کما اتبعت الباحثة الاختصارات الواردة فى قاموس:

Hornblower (S.) & Spawforth (A.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2012.

 

Arist. (Aristotle),	Eth. Nic (Ethica Nicomachea)
Etym. Magn.	Etymologicum Magnum
Hes. (Hesiod),	Theog. (Theogonia)
Hsch. (Hesychius)	Hesychii Alexandrini Lexicon
Hom. (Homer),	Il. (Iliad)
	Od. (Odyssey)
Pl. (Plato),	Resp. (Respublica)
	Euthphr.(Euthyphro)
Plut. (Plutarch),	Mor. (Moralia)
	Lyc.  (Lycurgus)
Xen. (Xenophon),	An. (Anabasis)

وقد اعتمدت الباحثة على الموقع التالى بالنسبة للنقوش:

https://inscriptions.packhum.org/regions/648

IGI³ = Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno anteriores. 

(Attic Inscriptions before the year of Eucleides).

IGII² = Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno posteriors. (Attic Inscriptions after the year of Eucleides).

SEG = Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum

 

ثانیا: المراجع الأجنبیة:

-        Barfoed, Signe. “The Significant Few: Miniature Pottery from the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia”, World Archaeology, 47, 2015, pp. 1–19.

-        Brandl, Felix. Von der Entstehung des Geldes zur Sicherung der Währung: Die Theorien von Bernhard Laum und Wilhelm Gerloff zur Genese des Geldes, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2014.

-        Burkert, Walter. Greek Religion, Wiley-Blackwell, Harvard University Press, 1985.

-        Cook, Robert Manuel. “Speculations on the Origins of Coinage”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 7, H. 3 (Jul., 1958), pp. 257-262 .

-        Dechelette, Joseph. “The Origins of the Drachm and Obolus”,American Journal of Numismatics Vol. 46, No. 1 (January, 1912), pp. 27-32.

-        Einzig, Paul. Primitive Money in its Ethnological, Historical and Economic Aspects. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1966.

-        Ekroth, Gunnel. “Blood on The Altars? On the Treatment of Blood at Greek Sacrifices and the Iconographical Evidence”, Antike Kunst, 48. Jahrg., 2005, pp. 9-29.

-        --------------, “Meat in Ancient Greece: Sacrificial, Sacred or Secular?”, Food and History, 5, 2007, pp.249-272.

-        -------------, “Animal Sacrifice in Antiquity”, in: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Animals (Oxford Handbooks in Classics and Ancient History), ed. Campbell, Gordon Lindsay, Oxford, 2014, Chapter 20, pp.324-354.

-        Flognfeldt, Yngve Thomassen. Sanctuaries and Votive Offerings From the Early Iron Age: A Comparative Study of Votive Offerings from the Eastern Peloponnese, Master`s Thesis in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, 2009.

-        Gastmann, Albert., and MacDonald, Scott. A History of Credit and Power in the Western World, Routledge, London and NewYork, 2017. 

-        Geva, Benjamin. From Commodity to Currency in Ancient History: On Commerce, Tyranny, and the Modern Law of Money, Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1,1987.

-        Gill, David. “Trapezomata: A Neglected Aspect of Greek Sacrifice”,The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 1974), pp. 117-137.

-        Grierson, Philip. “The Origins of Money”, Research in Economic Anthropology, 1, 1978, pp.1-35.

-        Harrison, Jane Ellen. Prolegomena to the study of Greek Religion, Cambridge University Press, London, 1908.

-        Herda, Alexander. “How to Run a State Cult: The Organisation of the Cult of Apollo Delphinios in Miletos”, in: Current approaches to religion in ancient Greece, An International Symposium, Swedish Institute/British School at Athens, 17th–19th April 2008, eds. Haysom, Matthew and Wallensten, Jenny, Athens, 2011, pp. 57–93.

-        Hirschberger, Martina. The Fate of Achilles in the Iliad, in: Homeric Contexts: Neoanalysis and the Interpretation of Oral Poetry, Ed. by: Montanari, Franco, Rengakos, Antonios, and Tsagalis, Christos, Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2012.

-        Kailey, Francis Louis. "Extraordinary Episodes of Ancient Money", Honors Theses, 2018. Aailable at: 

https://digitalworks.union.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2229&context=theses

-        Kraay, Colin. “Hoards, Small Change and the Origin of Coinage”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 84, 1964, pp. 76-91.

-        Lafli, Ergün. “An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium”, in: Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.),An international symposium, Izmir, Turkey, 2017, pp.19-21.

-        Laum, Bernhard. Heiliges Geld: Eine Historishe Untersuchung über den Sakralen Ursprung des Geldes. Tübingen: Verlag von J.C.B.Mohr, 1924.

-        Martin, Thomas. “Why did the Greek Polis Originally Need Coins?,” Historia Zeitschrift fur alte Geschichte, 45, no. 3,1996, pp. 257–283.

-        Menger, Carl. “On the Origin of Money”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 2, No. 6. (Jun., 1892), pp. 239-255.

-        ---------------, Principles of Economics, Trans. By Dingwall, H and Hoselitz, B.F, New York and London: New York University Press, 1871.

-        Mundell, Robert Alexander. “The Birth of Coinage”, Zagreb Journal of Economics, 1999, pp.1-43. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161436657.pdf

-        Orfanou, Stavriani. Early Iron Age Greek copper-based technology: votive offerings from Thessaly, PhD Thesis,  University College London (Institute of Archaeology), 2015.

-        Pafford, Isabelle Ann. Cult fees and the ritual of money in Greek sanctuaries of the Classical and Hellenistic period, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2006.

-        Parise, Nicola. La Nascita della Moneta: Segni Premonetari e Forme Arcaiche dello Scambio, Donzelli, Roma, 2000.

-        Pilz, Oliver. “The Uses of Small Things and the Semiotics of Greek Miniature Objects”, Pallas, No. 86, 2011, pp. 15-30.

-        Pomeroy, Sarah., et al., A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture, New York, Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.

-        Pryor, Frederic. “The Origins of Money”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug., 1977), pp. 391-409.

-        Reden, Sitta Von. “Money, Law and Exchange: Coinage in the Greek Polis,”The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 117 (1997), pp. 154-176.

-        Ridgeway, William. The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards, Cambridge: At the University Press, 1892.

-        Seaford, Richard. Money and the Early Greek Mind: Homer, Philosophy, Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

-        Semenova, Alla. “Would You Barter with God? Why Holy Debts and Not Profane Markets Created Money”, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 70, No. 2, 2011, pp. 376-400.

-        ----------------, The Origins of Money: Evaluating Chartalist and Metallist Theories in the Context of Ancient Greece and Mesopotamia, PhD dissert. University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 2011.

-        Tsoukala, Victoria. “Honorary Shares of Sacrificial Meat in Attic Vase Painting: Visual Signs of Distinction and Civic Identity”,Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 78, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2009), pp. 1-40.

-        Węcowski, Marek.“Can Zeus be deceived?” The Mekone Episode (Hes. theog. 535–561) between Theodicy and Power-Politics”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, Vol. 94, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 45–54.

ثالثا: المراجع العربیة:

-   هومیروس، الإلیاذة، تحریر ومراجعة، مقدمة، معجم أسطورى وکشاف: عتمان، أحمد. شارک معه فى الترجمة: عبد الوهاب یحى، لطفى. ، عبد السلام البراوى، السید. ، کروان،
منیرة.. [و آخ]، المجلس الأعلى للثقافة، القاهرة، 2004.

-        حامد، محمود. الاقتصاد الکلى، دار حمیثرا للنشر والترجمة، القاهرة، 2017.

 رابعا: المواقع الإلکترونیة الأجنبیة:

 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bellkrater_sacrifice_Pothos_Painter_Louvre_G496.jpg

 https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=353972001&objectI

 

خامسا: القـوامــیـــس:

-        Liddell, Henry., Scott, Robert., and Jones, Henry Stuart. A Greek- English Lexicon, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.