EFFECT OF SOME ADDITIVES ON COMPOST PROPERTIES AND IT'S EFFECT ON SOIL AND PLANT | ||
| Menoufia Journal of Soil Science | ||
| Article 2, Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2024, Pages 43-48 PDF (405.49 K) | ||
| Document Type: original papers | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjss.2024.355318 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sabah Ahmed Labib Ayad1; S. A. Radwan2; E. A. Abou Hussien2; Nehal A. Ali3 | ||
| 1Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia Uni. | ||
| 2Prof. of Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia Uni. | ||
| 3Associate Prof. of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University. A senior researcher at the four-dimensional microscopy laboratory Zewail City of Science and Technology | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study was carried out as a pot experiment on soil samples collected from one salt affected soil of Egypt at greenhouse experiment, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Egypt during growing summer season of 2021. This study was done to evaluate the effect of three types of compost (Without any additives ''C'', treated with Sulphur ''CS'' and treated with gypsum ''CG'') in two forms (regular "R" and nano "N" of its particle size fractions) on some chemical properties of salt affected soil and its content of available macro and micro nutrients as well as their effect on tomato (Solanum lucopersicum castle rock) plants growth and its content of some macro and micro nutrients. A portion of fine prepared soil sample was taken and analyzed for its physical, chemical properties and the content of available macro and micro nutrients. Another fine soil sample was used in the pot experiment as described in section of greenhouse experiment. The used amendment in this study was compost which prepared from two agriculture wastes i.e. maize stalk "MS" and farmyard manure "FYM" in three types i.e. without any additives "C0", treated by elemental Sulfur "CS" and treated by agriculture gypsum "CG", where each type was used in two size fractions i.e. regular "R" and nano "N" particles, the composted Organic wastes were matured after 90 days. Greenhouse experiment: During growing summer season, this study was carried out using transplants of tomato plants as a tested plant. A 90 plastic pots with 20 and 25 cm inter diameter and depth were used, where each pot was filled by 2kg of the tested salt affected soil. This study includes 30 treatments which were: compost types (C0, CS and CG) × 2 size fractions (R and N) ×5 application rates (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00%). The studied treatments were arranged within the experimental units in split-split completely randomized block in three replicates. Before transplanting by 60 days, all compost treatments were carried out and good mixed with the potted soil. At the same time all pots were fertilized by 100 Kg ordinary super phosphate (15.5 P2O5.fed-1) [0.2 gmpot-1] and good mixed with the potted soil. Then, the pots were moisturized using tap water at moisture content of 60% of soil water holding capacity and incubated on the room temperature (25± 2°C) for 60 days with moisture content at 60 % soil water holding capacity. After 60 days (incubation period) each pot was transplanted by three seedlings of Tomato plants (Solanum lucopersicum) with 15 cm length on 4th July 2021. After seedlings established (15 days of transplanting), the plants of each pot were thinned to one plant. At flowering stage (70 days), the plant of each pot was cut above soil surface, weighted to found fresh weight (gm.plant-1 = gm.pot-1), air-dried, oven-dried at 70°C for 48hrs, weighted to obtained dry matter yield of tomato plant (gm.plant-1 = gm.pot-1), ground and kept for determine its content of some macro (N, P, K and S) and micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). After plant harvesting, the soil of each pot was taken, ground, good mixed, sieved through at 2mm sieve and analyzed for some chemical properties and its content of available essential nutrients as described in section of soil analysis (3.6.2). The found results may be summarized as follow, Compost chemical properties: The pH, results showed that by adding Sulfur to the compost, the pH values were lower than the compost without additives or with gypsum added. It also showed that the pH values of nanocompost are lower than regular compost. Electrical conductivity, the results showed that compost with gypsum added had higher EC values than that untreated or treated with Sulfur, and the EC values in nano-form compost were lower than regular compost. Organic matter and Organic carbon, the results showed that the content of OM and OC in untreated compost is higher than that treated with Sulfur or gypsum. It is also higher in compost in nano form than in normal form. The total nitrogen content showed its highest value in compost to which Sulfur was added compared to that to which gypsum was added or to which no additives were added, and it was higher in compost in the nano form than in the regular form. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen, C: N ratio in those treated with Sulfur was lower than that treated with gypsum or untreated, and it was also lower in nanocompost than in ordinary compost. Compost content of macro and micro elements (mg/kg), The compost content of major and minor essential elements was higher in the type treated with Sulfur than that treated with gypsum or untreated, and this content was also higher in the nano compost than in the regular one. FTIR For regular or nano compost, the treatment without additives (CRO and CNO) has the highest intensity of OH oscillations, followed by the treatment with Sulfur or gypsum. Effect of the studied treatments on soil chemical properties: The pH, of compost treated with Sulfur tends to lower the pH more than those treated with gypsum and untreated. High rates of addition of compost tend to lower the pH more than low rates. Compost in nano form tends to lower the pH more than regular compost. Electrical conductivity, using compost reduces soil EC compared to not using it. Regular and nano compost have a positive effect in reducing soil EC, but the positive effect of compost in nano form appeared more than compost in its regular form. The lowest average EC appeared in compost treated with Sulfur, and its highest average appeared in compost not treated with any additives. Exchangeable sodium percentage, the results showed that nano compost is more effective in reducing ESP than regular compost ESP. The highest decrease was in nano compost treated with confinement at the highest addition rate of 2%, and its lowest decrease was in regular compost not treated with additions at a rate of 25.0. Cation exchange capacity, the nano compost had a higher effect on increasing the CEC in the soil compared to regular compost. The highest CEC value was with the nano compost treated with Sulfur at an addition rate of 2%, followed by that treated with gypsum, and the lowest CEC value was at an addition rate of zero. Organic matter content, the results showed that nano compost has the highest values of OM in the soil, followed by regular compost, and with increasing compost addition rate, this percentage increased. Soil content of available nutrients: Nitrogen: The results showed that the nitrogen content in the soil increases with nano compost compared to ordinary compost. It was noted that its highest value was in the soil treated with nano compost to which was Sulfur added, followed by gypsum added to it in the nano form as well, and the lowest value was in ordinary compost. The N content in the soil increased by increasing the rates up to 2%. But there was no significant difference between 1% and 2%. Phosphorus: The three types of compost take the order:C0 < CG < CS According to its effect on increasing the availability of P in the soil, nano compost also shows a higher content of available P compared to regular compost with all types of compost and addition rates. Potassium: The potassium content in the soil increases with the increase in the rate of adding compost for all its types and its forms, as well as regular and nano, but it appears that nano has a more positive effect than regular on the K content in the soil for all its types and rates of use. Among the three types of compost, CG had the highest effect, followed by CS and CO. Sulfur: The Sulfur content of the soil increased with increasing rates of adding compost for all types, and it increased with the use of compost treated with sulfur, followed by treatment with gypsum, as well as with nano compost compared to regular one for all types and rates. Dry weight: of tomato plants: The results showed that the rate of biomass of tomato plants increases when using nano compost compared to regular, regardless of the type and rate of use of compost. Compost treated with Sulfur had the highest dry weight of tomato plants, followed by those treated with sulfur, then untreated. The dry weight increased with the increase of added rate of compost for all treatments and types. Macronutrients content of tomato plants: Nano compost treatments led to higher average values of N, P, K and S and increased uptake compared to regular. Treating compost with sulfur led to the highest average values and uptake of elements, followed by treated with gypsum, then the untreated. Increasing the rates of adding compost increases the concentration and uptake of these elements. Relationship between soil properties and its content of available macronutrients: CEC and OM both have a strong positive relationship with the concentration and uptake of elements by plant. ESP and EC both have a strong negative relationship with the concentration and uptake of elements by plant. An inverse relationship also appears between pH and the plant’s concentration and uptake of elements. | ||
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