Comparison study of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the amniotic membrane and its stem cells in normal, gestational, and pregestational diabetes | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Histology | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 May 2024 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejh.2024.265652.2011 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Intissar Numman Waheed* 1; Waffa Idress Ali2 | ||
| 1Biology Department- Faculty of Science, Zakho University | ||
| 2Department of Biology- Faculty of Science- Zakho University | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction: The amniotic membrane (AM), a placental component that feeds embryos throughout pregnancy, has the potential to be used in tissue engineering because it contains stem cells (SCs). Diabetes during pregnancy can interfere with the development of the extraembryonic membrane, the SC, and the embryo, which can cause tissue degeneration. Objective: This study was aimed at comparing pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), and non-diabetic normal pregnant women in terms of histological features and immunohistochemistry expression of E-cadherin and SC marker molecules. Materials and Methods: Thirty AM specimens were collected from pregnant women with GDM, PGDM, and non-diabetic normal pregnant women (n = 10 for each group). AM segments undergo a number of histological procedures, then are stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) to measure the thickness of the basement membrane (BM), immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of E-cadherin and SC markers (anti-Nanog and anti-Oct-4). Results: Both diabetes groups produced a wide range of damage to AM, including vacuole formation, epithelial cell degeneration, hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and AM degeneration. The lining epithelium, BM, and underlying connective tissues in the PAS reaction responded moderately in the PGDM group but severely in the GDM group. AM epithelial cells in the control and GDM groups show a significant expression of E-cadherin. However, in the PGDM group, this expression was barley. The AM of the control group without diabetes had considerably higher anti-Nanog and anti-Oct-4 SC marker expression than did the diabetes groups. The GDM and PGDM groups had significantly decreased expression of the SC markers. Conclusions: The AM and SCs have suffered severe damage from the GDM and PGDM, which may have an impact on embryonic development and delivery as well as their ability to be employed in regenerative medicine. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Amniotic membrane; Diabetic mellitus; Anti-Nanog stem cell marker; anti-Oct- 4 stem cell marker; E-cadherin | ||
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