Complement 3a and Complement 5a as Biochemical Markers in Diabetic Nephropathy | ||
| International Journal of Medical Arts | ||
| Article 16, Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2024, Pages 4597-4606 PDF (1.83 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijma.2024.255133.1887 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Safwat Farrag Ahmed1; Alsayed Mohammed Rashed Alsayed1; Mohammed Ibrahim Aref Ibrahim Aref2; Ahmad Mohammad Farag Alkot* 3 | ||
| 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 3Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Diabetes mellitus [DM] is growing into a global epidemic and diabetic nephropathy [DN] is one of its most feared complications. Inflammation is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of DN and many studies have pointed to anaphylatoxins, complement 3a [C3a] and complement 5a [C5a], being involved in the pathogenesis of DN. The aim of the work: The aim of this work was validation of C3a and C5a as biomarkers in DN. Patients and Methods: The study included 96 participants. They were divided into three groups: Group I [32 healthy subjects], Group II [32 diabetic patients without evidence of DN] and Group III [32 diabetic patients with evidence of DN]. All were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination and laboratory tests [blood sugar, HbA1c, urea & creatinine, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, lipid profile and complete blood count]. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease patients’ formula. C3a and C5a levels were measured by ELISA. Results: at C3a was significantly higher in diabetic groups than the controls. However, the difference diabetic and DN groups was non-significant. C5a was increased in both disease groups, but significantly higher in DN. At a cutoff value > 4.27 µg/ml, C3a can be a significant predictor of DM [sensitivity 75%, specificity of 96%, PPV 78.8% and NPV 95.6%]. However, C5a couldn't be a significant predictor of DM. At a cutoff value > 52.129 ng/mL, C5a can be a significant predictor of DN [sensitivity 80.65 %, specificity 73.33 %, PPV 56.4 % and NPV 89.8%]. Conclusion: The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which are important effector molecules of the complement cascades, produce their effects through inducing inflammation participating in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease [DKD]. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy; Complement; Anaphylatoxins; C3a; C5a | ||
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