Physiological, Histological, and Molecular Evaluation of Enriched Flavored Pasteurized Milk with Tamarind Kernel Powder on Rats Model | ||
| Journal of Sustainable Agricultural and Environmental Sciences | ||
| Volume 3, Issue 5, December 2024, Pages 26-42 PDF (997.31 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original research paper | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jsaes.2024.330008.1105 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Samar A Omar* 1; Amina M Zedan2; Sameh Awad3; Dina A Amer4 | ||
| 1Egypt | ||
| 2Department of plant, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 3Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt | ||
| 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP), Tamarindus indica L, as an enrichment addition to pas-teurized milk in different concentrations was evaluated. The evaluation procedure involved physiochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of flavored pasteurized milk as well as an in vivo experiment using albino model rats (Sprague dawley). In vivo experiment involved the determination of associated changes in physiological, Biochemical, and histological parameters and changes in the transcription patterns of some stress and metabolic correlated genes: Cop-per-Zinc/superoxide dismutase, (SOD-1, SOD-3), Glutathion peroxidase (GPX), Glutathion transferase (GST), Heme oxygenase (HO) and one of proteinase inhibitors; Al-pha-2-Macroglobulin (α 2-MG) with administration of pasteurized and TPK enriched milk. The obtained results concluded that adding TKP improved the antioxidant properties of pas-teurized milk which positively improved pasteurized milk's anti-oxidant properties, which positively affected its physiochemical and sensory properties. And it also caused an increase in the protein content of enriched milk treatments. Additionally, tamarind kernel powder led to a decline in the number of viable total bacteria and yeast & mold compared with control milk treatment. In vivo experiments also revealed the good impact of TKP addition on body weight as well as liver and kidney function. These improvements were associated with the capability of TKP to regulate the transcription of some stress and metabolic correlated genes. Thus pointing to their potential application as an immune modulator at cellular and genetic levels in some ther-apeutic products. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP); histological analysis; Antioxidant enzymes genes; Heme oxigenase | ||
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