Estimation of Heritability, Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation of Head and Neck Traits of Egyptian Arabian Colts | ||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||
| Article 13, Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 118-131 PDF (563.27 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.338719.1471 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Nouran A. Ghanem* 1; Naglaa. M. Hagag2; Essam M. Abdel Gawad1; Mohammed Y. Matoock1 | ||
| 1Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza,12211, Egypt | ||
| 2Head of genome research unit (GRU), Animal health research institute (AHRI), Agriculture research centre (ARC), Giza, 12682, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Morphometric characteristics of the head and neck are distinctive breed features in Egyptian Arabian horses, yet their heritability patterns remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated ten morphometric traits in 91 purebred Egyptian Arabian colts, one year old, at El Zahraa stud. The colts were progeny of 13 sires that were also found in El Zahraa stud. The measurements of the head and neck were obtained using calibrated tape to estimate ten measurements, encompassing seven head measurements (head length, muzzle circumference, left ear length, forehead length, eye-to-mouth length, jaw length, and jaw width) and three neck measurements (neck length, throat latch, and neck base circumference). This study aimed to investigate the influence of Arabian sires on the inheritance of head and neck traits in their foals and to estimate some genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic and phenotypic variance, and correlation among different head and neck traits of yearly Arabian colts. Results revealed a significant effect of sire component on specific morphometric traits, which allowed the identification of better breeding stock for specific trait improvement. These findings provide valuable insights for developing selective breeding strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing characteristic head and neck features in Egyptian Arabian horses. Moreover, this approach will further enhance understanding of Arabian horse genetics and improve breeding program outcomes. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Arabian horse beauty; Body measurements; Egyptian Arabian horse; Genetic parameters; Sire effect | ||
| References | ||
|
ALHADDAD, H., POWELL, B.B., PINTO, L.D., SUTTER, N., BROOKS, S.A., and ALHAJERI, B.H., 2024. Geometric morphometrics of face profile across horse breeds and within Arabian horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 132, 104980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104980
AL-KHAUZAI, A., TOWFIK, A., and MUNAHI, A., 2021. Genetic Parameters of Some Conformational Traits in Iraqi Arabian Horses. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 735, 012078. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/735/1/012078
BAKHTIARI, J., and HESHMAT, G., 2009. Estimation of genetic parameters of conformation traits in Iranian Thoroughbred horses. Livestock Science 123, 116–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.10.014
BENIA, A.R., SELLES, S.M., and BENAMOR, N., 2022. Morphometric characterization of purebred Arabian horses for galop racing (Born and raised in Algeria).
BIJMA, P., and BASTIAANSEN, J.W., 2014. Standard error of the genetic correlation: how much data do we need to estimate a purebred-crossbred genetic correlation? Genet Sel Evol 46, 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-014-0079-z
CERVANTES, I., BAUMUNG, R., MOLINA, A., DRUML, T., GUTIÉRREZ, J.P., SÖLKNER, J., and VALERA, M., 2009. Size and shape analysis of morphofunctional traits in the Spanish Arab horse. Livestock Science 125, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.03.006
COSGROVE, E.J., SADEGHI, R., SCHLAMP, F., HOLL, H.M., MORADI-SHAHRBABAK, M., MIRAEI-ASHTIANI, S.R., ABDALLA, S., SHYKIND, B., TROEDSSON, M., STEFANIUK-SZMUKIER, M., PRABHU, A., BUCCA, S., BUGNO-PONIEWIERSKA, M., WALLNER, B., MALEK, J., MILLER, D.C., CLARK, A.G., ANTCZAK, D.F., and BROOKS, S.A., 2020. Genome Diversity and the Origin of the Arabian Horse. Sci Rep 10, 9702. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66232-1
DENOIX, J.-M. 2014. Biomechanics and Physical Training of the Horse. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16104
DUBERSTEIN, K.J. 2016. Evaluating Horse Conformation.
ECAHO Judges Training Manual - ECAHO 2018. URL https://www.ecaho.org/officials/judges-manual
ECAHO Judges Training Manual 2023, URL https://issuu.com/ecaho/docs/ecaho_trainingmanual2023_issuu_digital
EKIZ, B., and KOÇAK, Ö., 2007. Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Racing Times of Thoroughbred Horses. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 31, 1–5. https://doi.org/-
FARINELLI DE SIQUEIRA, R. 2024. Linear measurements, body proportions, and biomechanical insights: morphological analysis of arabian horses in São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 61. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2024.223460
FORBIS, J. 1976. The classic Arabian horse. New York : Liveright.
GHARAHVEYSI, S., KASHAN, N.E.J., GERAMI, A., and TORSHIZI, R.V., 2008. Estimation of genetic parameters on conformation traits of the Iranian Arab horses population. Pak J Biol Sci 11, 280–284. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.280.284
GHAVI HOSSEIN-ZADEH, N. 2021. A meta-analysis of genetic parameter estimates for conformation traits in horses. Livestock Science 250, 104601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104601
HALO, M., MLYNEK, J., STRAPÁK, P., and MASSÁNYI, P., 2008. Genetic efficiency parameters of Slovak warm-blood horses. Archives Animal Breeding 51, 5–15. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-5-2008
HOLMSTRÖM, M., FREDRICSON, I., and DREVEMO, S., 1994. Biokinematic analysis of the Swedish Warmblood riding horse at trot. Equine Vet J 26, 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04376.x
INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE HORSE, 2010. A Gift from the Desert: The Art, History and Culture of the Arabian Horse.
JAKUBEC, V., VOSTRÝ, L., SCHLOTE, W., MAJZLÍK, I., and MACH, K., 2009. Selection in the genetic resource: genetic variation of the linear described type traits in the Old Kladrub horse. Archives Animal Breeding 52, 343–355. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-52-343-2009
JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ, M., DOLORES GÓMEZ, M., PEÑA, F., GARCÍA MONTERDE, J., LUÍS MORALES, J., MOLINA, A., and VALERA, M., 2013. Relationship between conformation traits and gait characteristics in Pura Raza Español horses. Archives Animal Breeding 56, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-013
KLECEL, W., DROBIK-CZWARNO, W., and MARTYNIUK, E., 2023. Judging the Arabian Beauty: What are the Relationships Between Different Scoring Categories? Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 123, 104247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104247
LAWRENCE, L.A. 2001. Horse Conformation Analysis, Extension bulletin (Washington State University. Extension). Washington State University Extension, Pullman, Washington.
MACHMOUM, M., BOUJENANE, I., AZELHAK, R., BADAOUI, B., PETIT, D., and PIRO, M., 2020. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Arabian Horse Populations Using Microsatellite Markers. J Equine Vet Sci 93, 103200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103200
MACIJAUSKIENE, and JURAS, R. 2003. An attempt at analysing the selected traits of body conformation, growth, performance and genetic structure of Lithuanian native Zemaitukai horse, the breed being preserved from extinction.
MARUCH, S., REZENDE, A.S.C. DE, GOUVEIA, G.C., RIBEIRO, V.M.P., ABREU, L.R.A., and TORAL, F.L.B., 2021. Estimation of genetic parameters and trends for morphometric traits in Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador horses. R. Bras. Zootec. 50, e20190262. https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5020190262
MCMANUS, C., SANTOS, S., ABREU, U., SERENO, J.R.B., MISERANI, M., SILVA, J., MAZZA, M., and MARIANTE, A., 2002. Variance analyses for biometric measures of the Pantaneiro horse in Brazil. Archivos de zootecnia, ISSN 0004-0592, Vol. 51, No 193-194, 2002 51.
MERCEDES, 2013. The Head You Want to Ride. Hooves. URL https://hoovesblog.com/2013/12/13/the-head-you-want-to-ride/
MOLINA, A., VALERA, M., DOS SANTOS, R., and RODERO, A., 1999. Genetic parameters of morphofunctional traits in Andalusian horse. Livestock Production Science 60, 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00101-3
MOORE, J. 2010. General Biomechanics: The Horse As a Biological Machine. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 30, 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.06.002
MUNAHI, A.K. 2016. Anatomical parameters of head and neck with referring to their conformation of local Arabian horses 15.
NAGEL, H.J. 2013. The Arabian Horse: Nature’s Creation and the Art of Breeding. Nawal Media.
OKI, H. 1989. The Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters of Body Measurements in Thoroughbreds. Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 60, 372–378. https://doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.60.372
OLASEGE, B.S., ZHANG, S., ZHAO, Q., LIU, D., SUN, H., WANG, Q., MA, P., and PAN, Y., 2019. Genetic parameter estimates for body conformation traits using composite index, principal component, and factor analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 102, 5219–5229. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15561
OLSEN, S.L. 2013. Stories in the rocks: exploring Saudi Arabian rock art. Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
PERDOMO-GONZÁLEZ, D.I., GARCÍA DE PAREDES, R. DE LAS A., VALERA, M., BARTOLOMÉ, E., and GÓMEZ, M.D., 2022. Morpho-Functional Traits in Pura Raza Menorquina Horses: Genetic Parameters and Relationship with Coat Color Variables. Animals 12, 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182319
PETLACHOVÁ, T., SOBOTKOVÁ, E., JISKROVÁ, I., PÍŠOVÁ, M., BIHUNCOVÁ, I., ČERNOHORSKÁ, H., and KOSŤUKOVÁ, M., 2013. Evaluation of the conformation of stallions of selected horse breeds. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, 375–382. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060375
REMER, V., BOZLAK, E., FELKEL, S., RADOVIC, L., RIGLER, D., GRILZ-SEGER, G., STEFANIUK-SZMUKIER, M., BUGNO-PONIEWIERSKA, M., BROOKS, S., MILLER, D.C., ANTCZAK, D.F., SADEGHI, R., COTHRAN, G., JURAS, R., KHANSHOUR, A.M., RIEDER, S., PENEDO, M.C., WAIDITSCHKA, G., KALINKOVA, L., KALASHNIKOV, V.V., ZAITSEV, A.M., ALMARZOOK, S., REIßMANN, M., BROCKMANN, G.A., BREM, G., and WALLNER, B., 2022. Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses. Genes 13, 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13020229
RICARD, A., ROBERT, C., BLOUIN, C., BASTE, F., TORQUET, G., MORGENTHALER, C., RIVIÈRE, J., MACH, N., MATA, X., SCHIBLER, L., and BARREY, E., 2017. Endurance Exercise Ability in the Horse: A Trait with Complex Polygenic Determinism. Front. Genet. 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2017.00089
SADEK, M.H. 2006. Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters of body measurements and conformation in Arabian horses. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production 43, 153–162.
SADEK, M.H., AL‐ABOUD, A.Z., and ASHMAWY, A.A., 2006. Factor analysis of body measurements in Arabian horses. J Animal Breeding Genetics 123, 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00618.x
SALAMANCA-CARREÑO, A., PARÉS-CASANOVA, P.M., MONROY-OCHOA, N.I., VÉLEZ- and TERRANOVA, M., 2022. Would the Cephalic Development in the Purebred Arabian Horse and Its Crosses Indicate a Paedomorphic Process? Animals 12, 3168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223168
SANTIAGO, J.M., REZENDE, A.S.C.D., LANA, Â.M.Q., FONSECA, M.G., and LAGE, J., 2016. Evolution of Morphometric Measures In The Mangalarga Marchador Breed. Rev. Caatinga 29, 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n122rc
SAÑUDO ASTIZ, C. 2009. Valoración morfológica de los animales domésticos.
SARGIOUS, M., AHMED, H., EL-SHAWARBY, R., BAKERY, H., RAMADAN, S., COTHRAN, E., and FARID, A., 2021A. Genetic Diversity and Population Assignment of Arabian Horses. Pakistan Journal of Zoology54.https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20201013221026
SARGIOUS, M., EL-SHAWARBY, R., ABO-SALEM, M., EL-SHEWY, E., AHMED, H., HAGAG, N., RAMADAN, and SHERIF I., 2021b. Genetic Diversity Of Egyptian Arabian Horses From El-Zahraa Stud Based On 14 Tky Microsatellite Markers. Slovenian Veterinary Research 58. https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-1041-2020
SARGIOUS, M., EL-SHAWARBY, R.M., ABO-SALEM, M.E., EL-SHEWY, E.A., AHMED, H.A., HAGAG, N.M., and RAMADAN, S.I., 2021c. Genetic characterization and parentage assignment of Egyptian Arabian horses based on two microsatellite panels. Gene Reports 23, 101117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101117
SOBCZUK, D., and KOMOSA, M., 2012. Morphological Differentiation of Polish Arabian Horses - Multivariate Analysis. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0110-5
SOLÉ, M., CERVANTES, I., GUTIÉRREZ, J., GOMEZ, M.D., and VALERA, M., 2014. Estimation of genetic parameters for morphological and functional traits in a Menorca horse population. Spanish Journal Of Agricultural Research, 12, 125–132. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014121-4686
STAFF, T.H. 2014. Evaluating Equine Conformation. The Horse. URL https://thehorse.com/135947/evaluating-conformation/
STOCK, K.F., JÖNSSON, L., RICARD, A., and MARK, T., 2016. Genomic applications in horse breeding. Animal Frontiers 6, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2016-0007
THE CLASSIC ARAB HORSE BY PETER UPTON | Goodreads [WWW Document], 1992. URL https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/54971676-the-classic-arab-horse
THOMAS, H.S. 2005. The horse conformation handbook. North Adams, MA: Storey Pub.
UPTON, P. 2007. The Arab Horse: A Complete Record of the Arab Horses Imported into Britain from the Desert of Arabia from the 1830s, Revised edition. ed. Barzan Publishing.
WOOD, J.S. 2020. Form to Function Conformation: Head and Neck CavvySavvy.com - We Know Working Horses [WWW Document]. CavvySavvy.com. URL https://cavvysavvy.tsln.com/blog/form-to-function-conformation-head-and-neck/ | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 133 PDF Download: 136 |
||
