الأسس العلمانية لعلم الاجتماع الغربي دراسة نقدية Secular foundations of Western sociology Critical study | ||
| حولية کلية أصول الدين والدعوة الإسلامية بطنطا | ||
| Volume 16, Issue 16, 2024, Pages 624-729 PDF (16.88 M) | ||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfrt.2024.400721 | ||
| Author | ||
| إبراهيم شعيب زيدان حماد حماد* | ||
| قسم الأديان والمذاهب، كلية الدعوة الإسلامية بالقاهرة ، جامعة الأزهر ، مصر. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This research aims to explain the secular foundations upon which Western sociology was founded. I have addressed this issue by studying two main theories. The first is Auguste Comte’s theory, which represents the stage of emergence and revival of Western sociology. It has become clear from studying this theory that Auguste Comte founded his social theory in Its static and dynamic aspects are based on purely secular, positivist, materialistic foundations. For him, social statics are based on the secular positivist approach that relies on experience and observation. Rather, Comte called for the expulsion of theology from the human sciences just as it was expelled from the natural sciences. As for social dynamism, it is based on the law of development, whether the development is mental, practical, or emotional. The most important thing he adopted in mental development is what is called the law of three states: the theological state, the metaphysical state, and the realistic state. This is a law that appears to be invalid because these three cases exist simultaneously and not successively. Then, if it was conceived by the unseen; Who informed him of the beginning and path of the universe so that he could be certain of the validity of that law? He was not satisfied with this, but he founded a new religion that he called the religion of humanity as a result of a psychological disorder that befell him due to the death of his mistress. He made this whim a religion that he called people to believe in. As for the second, it is for Durkheim, which represents the stage of development and growth in Western sociology. It was clear from studying this theory that Durkheim adopted the positivist approach in sociology, and added to Comte by making the social phenomenon and the collective mind gods that control society. There is no objection to its judgment and no follow-up to its ruling. As for common sense, morals, and religion, they are created by society. Dor Kaym concluded his study of religion by saying that society worships itself, and this is the essence of the doctrine of pantheism in its naive form, as the universe is the image of the apparent God, and society and God are two sides of the same coin. Durkheim was unable to provide evidence that would withstand discussion of his doctrine. Everything he presented is nothing more than whims, suspicions, and delusions for which God has sent down no authority. This research aims to explain the secular foundations upon which Western sociology was founded. I have addressed this issue by studying two main theories. The first is Auguste Comte’s theory, which represents the stage of emergence and revival of Western sociology. It has become clear from studying this theory that Auguste Comte founded his social theory in Its static and dynamic aspects are based on purely secular, positivist, materialistic foundations. For him, social statics are based on the secular positivist approach that relies on experience and observation. Rather, Comte called for the expulsion of theology from the human sciences just as it was expelled from the natural sciences. As for social dynamism, it is based on the law of development, whether the development is mental, practical, or emotional. The most important thing he adopted in mental development is what is called the law of three states: the theological state, the metaphysical state, and the realistic state. This is a law that appears to be invalid because these three cases exist simultaneously and not successively. Then, if it was conceived by the unseen; Who informed him of the beginning and path of the universe so that he could be certain of the validity of that law? He was not satisfied with this, but he founded a new religion that he called the religion of humanity as a result of a psychological disorder that befell him due to the death of his mistress. He made this whim a religion that he called people to believe in. As for the second, it is for Durkheim, which represents the stage of development and growth in Western sociology. It was clear from studying this theory that Durkheim adopted the positivist approach in sociology, and added to Comte by making the social phenomenon and the collective mind gods that control society. There is no objection to its judgment and no follow-up to its ruling. As for common sense, morals, and religion, they are created by society. Dor Kaym concluded his study of religion by saying that society worships itself, and this is the essence of the doctrine of pantheism in its naive form, as the universe is the image of the apparent God, and society and God are two sides of the same coin. Durkheim was unable to provide evidence that would withstand discussion of his doctrine. Everything he presented is nothing more than whims, suspicions, and delusions for which God has sent down no authority. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| أوجست كونت- دوركايم- الظاهرة الاجتماعية; الاستاتيك; الديناميك- الحالات الثلاث; الضمير الجمعي - الدين Auguste Comte - Durkheim - social phenomenon - statics - dynamics - the three states - collective conscience - religion | ||
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