Association of sperm pathophysiological defects and some related cytokines in the Egyptian varicocele patients. | ||
| Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research | ||
| Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025, Pages 50-63 PDF (1.1 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2025.311309.1065 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Rahma gh Elsaeed* 1; Eman A Hassan2; Mosaad Ebrahim3; Sayed Ahmed4; Maha Soliman5 | ||
| 1International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Researches. Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt. | ||
| 2International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research. Al-Azhar University. Cairo, 71524, Egypt | ||
| 3International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research. Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 4Faculty of Science. Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt | ||
| 5Faculty of Science (girls). Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Male-related problems account for half of the infertility cases. Sperm count, motility, and morphology are conventional indicators; nevertheless, microscopic inspection is not always a reliable indicator of fertility. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in men with varicocele who are fertile, subfertile, and infertile. Two hundred semen samples were split into four groups: normal fertile control group I, infertile with varicocele group II, subfertile with varicocele group III, and normal fertile male patients with varicocele group IV. The microscopic and immunological parameters of the semen samples were measured. It was found that semen volume, viscosity, and motility all significantly increased in the younger groups. Likewise, in bigger groups, there is a lower percentage of abnormalities. Additionally, all three groups had higher levels of TGF-β1 than group I, and groups I and II had higher levels of IL-1 and IL-10 than groups III and IV. Regarding CRP, group II had a higher percentage of 100% than groups III and IV (70%), while group I had (0%). Group III had greater levels of FSH and LH (15.98 IU/L and 11.33 IU/L, respectively) in comparison to group IV; nevertheless, the testosterone levels in all three groups were lower than those of group I (8.87 nmol/L). In summary, male varicocele infertiles have higher than normal levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-β1 and IL-1, which harm sperm parameters. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| male infertility; cytokines; interleukin 1; varicocele; and semen quality | ||
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